Background
In recent years, there is a growing demand for a more accountable system in public administration. This has led to the development of a competency based human resource in governance for civil servants. The concept of competency has been applied extensively both to the individual civil servant and to the planning and implementation of policies and programmes of the government. Competencies have been defined in many ways. However, a practical and easy to understand definition of competencies has been provided by Boyatzis (of Hay Group, 1982). It states that competencies are those underlying characteristics of an employee – motive, trait, skill, aspects of one’s social image, social role or a body of knowledge, which can result in effective and/or superior performance in a job or role.
