IIPA Digest March 2023
Tribal Governance And Revisiting The Role Of The Indian Forest Service
Nancy Pathak And Manish Kumar Tiwary
In the federal polity, the state governments are sovereign in their respective domains and have been provided with their own State services as a steel frame for their governance. Although, to provide a pan India character to the public services, our Constitution makers had adopted the “All India Services” (which was common to both the Union and state governments) to integrate the different states into Indian union and standardize administration across the Indian territory. Known as the Father of the “All India Services” Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel had expressed the importance and need of All-India Services by stating that “you will not have a united India, if you do not have a good all-India service which has the independence to speak out its mind” (Harini Srinivasan, 2018). Given the Quasi-federal character of the federation, All India Services have proved to be a steel frame of smooth continuity between the State administration and Central administration. Likewise, in the administration of Forests surrounding the Tribal belts of the country, the role played by Indian Forest Services has considerably evolved and has remained extremely crucial. Yet, this article will try to explore the possibiities of bottom-up mobility in the Indian Forest Services and the need for making it more representative, by also inducting experts from the field to meet technical, specific and specialized needs of their area of administration.
EWS Quota - An Epitome Of Social Justice As Fairness
Ranvijay Upadhyay
The Supreme Court’s Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) judgment epitomizes American Political Philosopher John Rawls’s theory of justice with fairness for it fulfills both cardinal prerequisites of the Rawls social contract that exhorts for “greatest benefit to the least advantaged” achieved through the quintessential ‘veil of ignorance’. EWS may be a harbinger of a new governance paradigm to celebrate, ideate, promulgate, and deepen constitutional promises in the state-citizen matrix.
Amarjeet Sinha,
So that’s the story. Decades of public intervention, however tardy or inefficient, in everything from the provision of food, housing, education and health care to roads, power, and telecommunications and circulatory migration to distant labour markets across the country – i.e., the visible hand of the state combined with the invisible hand of the market – has radically transformed the lives of these villagers in one of the remotest and most backward corners of India. Poverty has not been eliminated. Most of the people we met are still very poor. But the haunting images of extreme deprivation, emaciated and hungry people in tatters I saw everywhere 45 years ago have mercifully disappeared.” Sudipto Mundle, Live Mint 2022, makes a brilliant summary of what he saw. He is indeed very real on rural.
Sameer Sharma, IAS
At the time of Independence, Indian cities comprised two parts: the British-developed areas such as civil lines and cantonments, and the original Indian areas like bazaars, maidans, and residential zones that existed before British rule.
Saving Holiest River Using Capacity Building As A Tool
Shyamli Singh And Monika Saini
"The holy Ganga River, a symbol of purity and spirituality, holds a special place in the hearts of millions, inspiring reverence and devotion."
Capacity building is not only training but also a way to unlock the human potential. There are many other ways to protect the River Ganga through use of technologies, cleaning and many more, nevertheless the capacity building plays a major role. The way that a person views the Ganga River depends on his or her personal, social and cultural values, which are reflected in how that person engages with the river on various occasions. A sage may use it as a place of devotion, while a scientist may use it as a centre for research. Different perspectives would be taken by different communities. Capacity building initiates that spark into the minds of people that make them better understand the holiness of the River Ganga and come up with the best solutions.
India’s New Space Policy: A Leap Forward For A Future Space Superpower
Sreni Thota And Sumit Sharma
India has a long and proud history of space exploration. The country’s first satellite, Aryabhatta, was launched in 1975, and India has since become a major player in the global space community. In recent years, the Indian government has taken steps to further develop the country’s space sector. In 2023, the government formed the Indian Space Policy 2023, which outlines the government’s vision for the Indian space sector in the coming years.
Demystifying The Magnetic Drag Of The Indo-Pacific Region
Vivek Puri
The tides and currents of the Indo-Pacific have alerted the major economic and political powerhouses of the world about the relevance of safety and security in the region in every sense. Almost every nation is now pondering and diving deep into the strategic depths to frame the geoeconomic policies and geostrategic plan of actions that suit their nation vis-à-vis the Indo-Pacific region. This article forms an opinion about the relevance of the Indo-Pacific, the geopolitical shifting of gears in the region, and further attempts to understand the new maritime challenges, the strategic policies of various nations, and how India’s strategic plan of action can act as the best way forward in the Indo-Pacific region.
Semiconductor Sector-Trends Issues And Challenges
Geethanjali Nataraj And Nikhil Joshi
Developing semiconductors within the country is essential for the Indian government's goal of establishing a domestic electronics supply chain and decreasing reliance on foreign countries, particularly China, which continues to be a leading destination for such manufacturing despite its own problems. India is currently facing a critical moment to enter the field of electronics manufacturing, as semiconductor chips play a crucial role in all electronic devices. With more companies seeking to diversify their manufacturing, India has the chance to position itself as a dependable alternative to existing manufacturing countries. From 2017 to 2022, the semiconductor manufacturing sales value of India experienced a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of nearly 11%. According to a report from Deloitte, the market is projected to reach a value of $55 billion by 2026, growing from $27 Billion in 2022 at a 20% CAGR. The report highlights that three industries, namely smartphones and wearables, automotive components, and computing and data storage, are expected to drive over 60% of the market growth. Following the Government’s push under the India Semiconductor Mission, the country is said to manufacture its first Chips in December 2024, with 4-5 semiconductor facilities expected to be built by mid-2024.
Management Skills For A Government Officer
Annapoorna Ravichander
When I read this quote I felt it was apt for the piece I have written.
It goes without saying that enthusiasm and dedication for politics, policy concerns, and current affairs are important for a Government Officer. In order to address this there has to be certain skills to include interest in the sector in order to excel and flourish in a job under the government. A nation is influenced by politics and policy where everybody has an opinion.
National Tuberculosis Control Programme In India
Sarita Mishra Kolhe IRS
Health is a major contributor to poverty in India. Communicable diseases continue to account for nearly half of disease burden, of which Tuberculosis is among the most widespread cause of morbidity, disability and mortality. In order to address this large and costly burden of the disease, the Government of India is currently implementing the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).
Abortion Jurisprudence In India: Is It The Woman’s Choice At All?
Nivedita Singh And Indra Daman Tiwari
This paper aims to present a comparative analysis of ancient Indian legal systems and modern Indian legal systems’ perspectives on the right to an abortion. Abortion is the simple phrase for ending a pregnancy at any point when the embryo is unable to sustain itself outside the mother’s womb. It is a delicate subject that has long been the focus of discussion. The pro-life and pro-choice sides of the argument can be separated into two categories. The perspective on abortion in India can be found in literature from the Rigveda and Manusmriti school of ancient Indian law. Although produced by academics with expertise in law, these ancient Indian books were not legislative enactments.
Address At The Inaugural Ceremony Of Good Governance Week
V. Srinivas, IAS
Hon’ble Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension,
Secretary Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Chief Secretary, Government of Arunachal Pradesh
Respected dignitaries on the dais, Ladies and Gentlemen
Srinivas Josyula
In "G20@2023: The Roadmap to Indian Presidency," authored by Shri. V. Srinivas, readers are treated to an engrossing and enlightening exploration of the G20, with a particular focus on India's role and evolution of G20 from its origins, as a response to the Asian financial crisis to its current influential position in shaping global economic governance. This comprehensive book not only delves into the history and significance of the G20 but also offers a futuristic perspective, providing a paradigm for India's aspiration and preparedness to join the elite group of the G7.
IIPA Digest December 2022
Shrideep Biswas
This article suggests a minor amendment in the ‘Companies Act 2013’ so that the concept of Shared Value can be incorporated in CSR policies of Companies operating in India. This initiative, according to the author, will dispense with unnecessary complications and ambiguities that currently hamstrung the CSR activities in the country. The central idea of this write-up is premised on the facts obtained from a case study to which the author was a witness. (Details have been published in IIPA Quarterly Digest Vol. 3.3) The concept of ‘Creating Shared Value’, widely popular in Business literature, has also substantially contributed to the formulation of the idea.
Making Finance Work For Women’s Collectives
Amarjeet Sinha/D.K. Singh/N.N. Sinha
This paper examines the rise of the Self – Help Groups under the National Rural Health Mission and their contribution to social inclusion. The expansion has gone beyond just southern India, where these women’s collectives have played a very instrumental role in poverty reduction. The expansion and consolidation of the women’s collectives under the Rural Livelihood Mission affords an opportunity to provide timely credit for economic activity to vulnerable social groups and deprived households. This has the potential of providing an opportunity for an inclusive India through rural enterprises with size and scale. The paper goes on to look at the challenges that are coming in the way, in spite of an expansion of credit support to these groups on an unprecedented scale. The challenge of working capital and higher order economic activities on scale has been examined from a perspective of resolving the challenges within the framework of formal Banking.
THE PROGRESSIVE EXPEDITION OF INDOSWISS PARTNERSHIP AND WHAT LIES AHEAD
Vivek Puri
The India-Switzerland bilateral relationship and strategic partnership has developed over the last 74 years and it would be fruitful to throw some light on the origins of this diplomatic and strategic bonding between the two nations and how it has evolved in sectors such as economy, trade, education, health, infrastructure, clean technology, research and development and has showcased a perfect example of a symbiotic relationship at a global level. The two democratic nations, who have never been enemies, should aspire to further strengthen the cooperation with a determined approach and combined effort to address the global challenges, explore additional opportunities to further improve bilateral engagements and gear up to testify the relationship on the occasion of 75th anniversary of a diplomatic and strategic partnership between the two nations in 2023.
INCLUSIVE PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
Bhamathi Balasubrahmanya
Valuing a value is born out of deeply conscious personal choices. It arises from a basic human psychology that you would not want to do unto others what you would not have others do unto you. This comes out of an expectation of certain comfort-giving behavior and attitude from others. The reverse corollary is also applicable. For man being essentially self-centred, holding or choosing a certain value, over many other values is a matter of individual comfort. When you are hurt by someone having cheated you which created in you a sense of discomfort, then speaking the truth becomes a chosen value, not because it is an universal, ethical good, but because personally one does not want to suffer or be affected by hearing a lie. This constitutes the psychological order of human values upheld as Dharma or ethics, when also seen from a non empirical perspective. Religious texts, upbringing, code of conduct are prescriptive and confirmatory of what is right and what is wrong. The fundamental and foundational values of man wanting to be treated well and with good and rights-based behaviour, not causing hurt, injury, violence or neglect is at the basis of collective, ethical and universal human values.
North – East Rural Livelihood Project In India
Dr. Sarita Mishra Kolhe, IRS
Despite its rich natural resources and relatively good human development indicators, the North-Eastern (NE) region in India lagged in important parameters of growth, and there existed a big gap between the NE and the rest of India. The NE region suffered from three key impediments for development: (i) natural resources degradation; (ii) protracted insurgency in some areas; and (iii) lack of well-targeted and quality development efforts. The project helped to vitalize the local economy in a bottom – up approach so as to make the intervention responsive to the needs of the people in the NE region.
Anika Choudhary
In 1948 when the Constitution of India was being framed and the values of pluralism were being discussed, one social reform became a bone of contention, it divided the Constituent Assembly and they debated for months but could not reach a consensus and finally they compromised on Uniform Civil Code (UCC) . UCC means one civil code common to all. It would have meant the abolition of personal laws. Now the question arises what are personal laws? These laws are based on scriptures, religious texts that regulate almost every aspect of life, marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, guardianship, etc. A lot of these laws were discriminatory, unfair to minority groups and women. The Sharia law had provisions that deprived women of inheritance, certain Hindu customs deprived women of remarriage so what the Constituent Assembly wanted was to abolish or limit such laws. They wanted to govern India by Constitution so that the same laws apply equally to all citizens irrespective of their religion, sex, gender, etc.
Urbanization And Revamping Of Wetlands
Dr. Shyamli Singh/ Monika Saini
Indeed, people think of wetlands as the wasteland and not more than that because no developmental activities can occur in wetlands. In real scenario, wetlands act like the sponges which stores water and help it to remain saturated. Eventually it helps in reducing the floods by retaining water and slowly releasing it. Wetlands are also known as ‘Kidneys of the earth’ due to their capacity and ability to filter out the waste and lock the pollutants in the vegetation and sediments. It is home to rich variety of birds, animals and plants. Wetlands have regulating, provisional, cultural and supporting significance to the millions of life. It is one of the most productive ecosystems on the earth. A mangrove is a wetland type which provides the physical buffering to climate change impacts or natural disasters.
REALM OF IP- EMERGING AND DYNAMIC INVESTIGATION
Kanhaiya Singhal
Intellectual property is indeed a creation of human intelligence that is always present around us, both inside and externally, and on which we exist. It’s critical to evaluate the influence of IPRs on creativity, the economy, and society, and afterwards put in place the necessary resources, tools, regulations, and authorities to enable a functional IP system. IPRs are increasingly taking on extra responsibilities as a result of the interplay between globalised markets, national authorities, and local norms
Horizontal Leadership And The Genesis Of Udupi Jille
Dr. Kalpana Gopalan
A career in the Indian Administrative Service throws up many opportunities for Leadership. Yet, for me, the unique, once-in-a-lifetime experience is the role I played in the establishment of the new district of Udupi. Yes, the temple town which was home to the famous Lord Krishna temple.
Climate Change And Its Impact On The Health
Muneeb Ahmad
Today, worldwide, there is an apparent increase in many infectious diseases, which reflects the combined impacts of rapid demographic, environmental, social, technological and other changes in our ways of living. Climate change will affect infectious disease occurrence in humans. It is a known fact that climatic conditions affect epidemic diseases from long before the role of infectious agents was discovered, late in the nineteenth century. Changes in infectious disease transmission patterns are a likely major consequence of climate change. Climate changes include alternations in one or more climate variables including temperature, precipitation, wind, and sunshine. These changes may impact the survival, reproduction or distribution of disease pathogens and hosts, as well as the availability and means of their transmission environment. The health effects of such impacts tend to reveal as shifts in the geographic and seasonal patterns of human infectious diseases and as changes in their outbreak frequency and severity. Climate change is the prime health threat facing humanity and health professionals worldwide. Countries are already responding to the health harms caused by this unfolding disaster. Abundant literature addresses the factorial and potential impacts of climate change on many types of infectious diseases, including vector borne, water-borne, airborne, and food-borne diseases.
IIPA Digest September 2022
October-December 2020
Our Lead Story in this edition highlights the historic development in the National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building through Mission Karmayogi. As a training institute for government officials ourselves, we take pride in the Government’s momentous step that is destined to transform the capacity building apparatus at individual, institutional and process levels.
Amitabh Ranjan
The New National Architecture for Civil Services Capacity Building — Mission Karmayogi
Can MGNREGA Be Reshaped And Reoriented To Help India’s Farmers?
Jugal Mohapatra/ Siraj Hussain
Due to sudden lock down and resultant job losses, about 44 lakh people returned to their homes, some walking hundreds of miles, others using all conceivable means of transport - buses, trucks, trailers,
concrete mixers, Shramik trains, motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, auto rickshaws, cycle and trolly rickshaws and even boats. Many of them may be so upset psychologically with the travails they had to face that
they may choose not to return at all. A sizable number may take several months to return to the cities and towns
to earn a living.
Governance Practices In Pandemic: Global And Indian Perspective
V Srinivas
It is important to recognise the importance of leadership roles Public Administrators have played in the Covid-19 pandemic. As an Institution, the Civil Services particularly the All India Services have always commanded considerable respect from the people of India. Such respect emanates from a perception that decisionmaking
would be neutral and unbiased and would enable the nation to achieve the objectives outlined in the Preamble of the Constitution. The 21st century has witnessed a significant expansion of the Civil Services
processes and responsibilities. Recruitment has become highly competitive, training norms more stringent, performance appraisal timely and constant evaluations have been introduced on the capacity of the civil servant to meet current challenges.
Samar Nanda
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body set up under the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act (1956) under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), Government of India. The KVIC is involved in production and marketing of ‘Khadi- a handspun and hand-woven fabric’ made in an eco-friendly manner earning carbon credits for the country and saving huge
amount of water, which is getting scarce each passing day.
Freedom Of Choice To Farmers: Are New Farm Acts A Watershed Moment For Indian Agriculture?
Surendra Nath Tripathi/Ashok Vishandass
Indian agriculture is akin to the huge aeroplane without fuel. Can it fly? At one level, India’s agri-strategy has been successful in the sense that the country moved from import-dependence to self-sufficiency and
then to a net food exporting country. After feeding 1.35 billion people, at another level, farmers’ income levels have not augmented commensurately. Implicit in the agri-strategy was that the benefits of increased production and productivity would percolate down to the welfare of farmers. However, the strategy by-passed their income levels, primarily because the requisite ‘fuel’ has been missing in our agriculture. ‘Getting the prices right’ and ‘getting the markets right’ together constitute the requisite ‘fuel’ which has the potential to take our agriculture to new heights.
Lt Gen Abhay Krishna
In the year 1913, the United Kingdom (UK), China and Tibet met at Shimla to sign an agreement on the alignment of the international boundary as per the map produced by the Foreign Department of British India. Though China was the one to initiate the proposal, later they backed off citing ambiguities and technical reasons. Henry McMahon, the Foreign Secretary, who had drawn up the proposal, then decided to bypass the Chinese and settle British India’s Himalayan border bilaterally by negotiating directly with Tibet. China, however, rejected Tibet’s claim of independent rule and maintained that the said treaty had no sanctity without China’s endorsement.
India Needs To Rework On Its RTA Strategy To Revive Exports
Rishika Singh/Geethanjali Nataraj
The global pandemic has wreaked havoc on the world economy and India has unfortunately been one of the worst affected countries right behind the United States. Only last year India was one of the fastest
growing emerging economies targeting to become a dollar five trillion economy. But since the onset of the pandemic, the economy suffered a staggering contraction in first quarter during 2020. The depressing
figure of 23.9 per cent is a major alteration in India’s growth path whose average is at 6.8 per cent. As economic activity across spectrum of sectors has grinded to a halt, negative growth rate has spurred. Even as government expenditure as a share of GDP went up from 11 per cent to 18 per cent, the economy could not be rescued
from an expected seven per cent overall contraction, estranged from an average positive growth of seven per cent since delicensing. Infact, the GDP growth this financial year is expected to be the worst post- World War II.
Amit Kumar Singh
The effectiveness of the governance is crucial to the development of country and every well-governed country needs a highly professional civil service to meet the needs of public policy formulation and
public management. Several countries have recognized this need and invested significant resources in upgrading the quality of their public service personnel. In India, the civil service system is the backbone of
the government machinery. The civil servants play an extremely important role in the administration, policy formulation, implementation and in taking the country forward towards progress and development. They perform their functions and duties through a number of Central and state government Ministries, departments and organisations in accordance with the policy directions given by the respective governments.
Samruddhi Ke Path Par Krishi Aur Kisan
Shri Narender Singh Tomar
Guest Talk
Draconian Essential Commodities Act Undergoes Amendment
Sapna Chadah/Varuni B.R.
The Essential Commodities Act (ECA), 1955 was enacted with an objective to control the production, supply and distribution of, and trade and commerce in certain goods such as vegetables, pulses, edible oils, sugar, etc., which are treated as essential commodities. The purported aim of this Act is to ensure affordability of essential commodities for the poor by restricting hoarding. It is an overarching legislation regulating agricultural marketing and production. There is no exhaustive list of what all commodities are essential.
RISK ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL OF MINES’ SAFETY IN INDIA
Partha Pratim Mitra
The coal mining industry in India which is spread mainly in eastern and central India engages about 5.6 lakh workers on a daily basis. There can be no doubt that the safety of these workers, who work under difficult ground conditions, is extremely important. Our main contention is that it is possible to introduce an approach of risk assessment as an
important component of safety and risk management. In doing so it would also not be advisable to discontinue the existing prescriptive safety approach given in the statutes and the various mine regulations that have been evolved over a period of time. Risk assessment
would, therefore, be an additional layer of mines’ safety and the complete transition to this approach will have to be planned carefully.
Globalization In Context Of Covid-19
Hemant Pandey
Globalization emerged as an aspiration for integrating world into a global village, and subsequently transformed the economic, political and cultural dimensions of the world. However, it witnessed a serious blow in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of a globalized world. Pandemic compelled countries to impose restrictions on international travel, foreign investment, export of medical supplies and disrupted the global supply chain. It led to a new wave of protectionism, self-reliance and nationalism. But to deal with this crisis and prepare ourselves for post-Covid world, a globalized response is the way forward.
Automation And Labour In India: Policy Implications Of Job Polarisation Pre And Post COVID-19 Crisis
Abhishek Nipanni
Advancements in ICTs have heightened the potential of such technology to automate jobs en masse. Realistically, however, concern revolves not around redundancy of labour, but the polarising effect automation exerts on jobs. Job polarisation widens wage disparity, lowers the aggregate skill level of labour, and exacerbates existing social inequalities. Proponents of laissezfaire automation argue that while automation may exert adverse effects on labour in the short run,
it is bound to realise higher net benefits and employment in the long run due to the increased efficiency it entails. However, world over and in India, firms have been merely substituting labour with capital, sans efficiency gains. This trend is only set to worsen with the ongoing health crisis due to varied reasons. In such a situation, it becomes imperative to enable labour mobility, design novel methods of social security, and incentivise retention and continuance of labour engagement.
Arnab Goswami: Suffering The Vendetta Politics!
Sudhanshu Tripathi
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India sternly reprimanded the Maharashtra government on November 11, 2020 for illegally confining Mr Arnab Goswami into jail and also criticised the Bombay High Court in not granting bail to him. In fact, he has been suffering the vicious course of vendetta politics for the past many months for launching a vigorous crusade against unimaginable corruption in public places with a view to strengthen democracy and rule of law in the country. In this scenario, one can easily remember the wisdom of George Orwell as reflected in his memorable words: ‘Ours is an age of democracy.’
Padhna Likhna Abhiyan Introduced By The Government For Adult Education In India
Meghna Chukkath
With a view to ensure complete eradication of illiteracy in India, the Government of India has recently launched a scheme for adult education in India – Padhna Likhna Abhiyan. The scheme initiated by the Department of School Education & Literacy under the Ministry of Human Resource Development now Ministry of Education, Government of India, focuses on providing basic literacy in its initial stage.
January-March 2021
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SN Tripathi
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Amitabh Ranjan
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Chair in Social Justice in IIPA
The Death Of A Classical Language : A Case Study Of Sanskrit In India
Mithila Urmila Bagai
The paper explores various reasons for the demise of Sanskrit language that is left with only 24 thousand speakers. The research also states the significant reasons for allocating more central funds to Sanskrit in comparison to other classical languages.
Australia’s High Commiss Ioner To India Delivers A Lecture In IIPA
H.E. Hon’ble Barry O’Farrell AO
H.E. Hon’ble Barry O’Farrell AO is Australia’s High Commissioner to India. This writeup is his commentary
delivered during the 46th Digital APPPA Participants on ‘The Indian Diaspora and the Australia-India Partnership’
dated January 29, 2021 coordinated by IIPA Faculty, Gadadhara Mohapatra.
Kalpana Gopalan
This paper is a temporal case study of the Shilpa Gurukula, an art school for stone and wood carving
and a creation of Cauvery Handicrafts, a government-owned corporation. It follows the evolution of the
school since its conception in 2009 until the present day, analyzing its history, challenges, constraints
and opportunities.
The Digital Challenges Of Classical Indian Arts
Mridula Anand
Classical Indian dance forms have existed and evolved over centuries facing each challenge to its very existence and structure. But classical artists are often unrecognised entrepreneurs. While recognition continues to be their primary dream, creating a successful ‘business’ is often an elusive dream. And the year 2020-21 shut more doors for these entrepreneurs. With no other option but to go online, artists face innumerable obstacles due to the very nature of the art form.
Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Chair In Social Justice
Neetu Jain
The Chair named “Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Chair in Social Justice” has been instituted at the Indian Institute of Public Administration – a premier National Institute of Public Administration in the year 2004. Since then, a number of quality publications, value adding workshops and courses have been conducted under the Chair. This Chair has a special role in providing inputs for policy formulation and governance besides sensitizing the Administration.
Child Sexual Abuse: Causes And Consequences
Pushpender Yadav/Divya Shrivastava
Child sexual abuse is a universally condemned offence against children. Consequences of sexual abuse are very severe and they deeply affect the physical and mental state of victims for a long time. Aftermath outcomes of the abuse are extremely painful because it disrupts the self esteem as well as physical and mental order of the victim child. It is essential to keep children safe by a collective effort of family, society and government.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yoja Na (PMGKY): Implementation Is The Key
Nayakara Veeresha
Globally, the situation is alarming as the number of Corona Virus infected persons and the death toll is gradually increasing. In this backdrop, on 26th March, 2020 the Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced Rs. 1.70 lakh crore, an economic package for the poor to overcome the crisis situation during the lockdown period. The scheme is called as Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) aiming to address the food and financial related difficulties of the poor people.
Jeevan Talegaonkar
In this paper, modern-day righteous management behaviour in an ennoble form is considered as constellation of upanishadik values, a few thoughts from īśāvāsya upanishad are meaningfully explored in that context. In other words, lessons from Indian philosophy of īśāvāsya upanishad ought to be taught in modern-day management, especially under Business Ethics; and practiced in corporate lives to purify working environment; working selves at the helm of affairs, i.e. CEOs to achieve sustainable growth at an individual, corporate and social level.
PROFESSOR ASOK KUMAR MUKHOPADHYAY A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Samik Mukherjee
In the year 1970, a young Indian aged around 30 years while entering India Office at London saw an Englishman standing at the entrance. He walked up to the Englishman and after a few necessary words remarked, “I think I have seen you somewhere. You seem to be known to me.” The Englishman replied with a smile, “It is very much possible that you have seen me earlier. After all, I was India’s last Viceroy.” The anecdote of meeting with Lord Mountbatten was often humourously narrated by the legendary figure in Political Science, Asok Kumar Mukhopadhyay.
The Glory Of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Vasant Kelkar
Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed Bhabha Atomic Research Centre to commemorate Homi Bhabha who died in 1966 in an air crash. Homi Bhabha was a physicist. Dirac, the Nobel Prize Winner, was Bhabha’s friend and teacher. Homi Bhabha was also nominated for Nobel Prize but unfortunately he did not get it. According to his father’s wishes he did engineering in England but he told his father thereafter that his line was physics and not engineering.
Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch The Rain Initiative Launched By The Government To Save Water
Meghna Chukkath
In a bid to save the nation from the water crisis, the Central Government has recently launched a programme to conserve water. With a core focus on water conservation and rainwater harvesting, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain (JSA:CTR) initiative is one such approach of the government to save water. The initiative is a collaborative effort of National Water Mission, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan and Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Gautam Buddha: The Glorious Master
Vishwanath Shegaonkar
In the annals of human civilization, the 6th Century BC was the most attractive and remarkable one. In this century alone the Greek Philosopher and Mathematician, Pythagoras; Gautam Buddha,
the founder of Buddhism; Vardhman Mahavir, the exponent of Jainism and the Chinese political thinker and philosopher Confucius appeared on this earth almost at the same time, who had made profound, indelible contribution over man’s socio-political, ethical, and religious life past 2500 years. Among those great men, the visit of the Lord Buddha to this planet was, by any scale, glorious and virtuous indeed.
Samar Nanda
Climate change is a global problem, one that cannot be solved by any one nation or state actor alone. By learning from the failures of recent international climate change action, specifically the failures of the Paris Accord, and best practices of collaborative governance, we recommend creating a Collaborative Governance Regime (CGR) at the level of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The proposed CGR will differ from the Paris Accord, most notably: (i) focus on key actor nations representing the largest CO2 emitters (to the tune of 64% of the total emissions)(China, United States, India, European Union, Russian Federation and Japan), as opposed to the full international community; (ii) focus on one specific facet of climate change, CO2 emissions, as opposed to the entire scope of contributing factors to climate change; (iii) increased emphasis on collaboration for ambitious, yet realistic goals, and finally; (iv) increased emphasis on sanctioning to prevent any unilateral withdrawal undermining the collective spirit. In this backdrop, the role of India in terms of the Paris Accord is quite significant. India being one of the leading contributors to the greenhouse gases including CO2, also has made rapid strides in utilizing renewable sources of energy in pretty quick time. Further, India has an important role to play in the geopolitics and climate sustainability of the South Asian region as a key driver.
Raju Narayana Swamy
I ntermediaries are gateways to the internet- services enabling delivery of online content to the end user. The various players involved in the chain range from ISPs ( Internet Service Providers like Airtel that help users to get connected to the net by means of wired/wireless connections), search engines ( the most commonly used ones in India being Google Search, Yahoo Search, Microsoft Bing and Duck Duck Go), DNS providers ( that translate domain names to addresses that can be understood by computers), web hosts, interactive websites ( which include social media sites like Facebook and Twitter) and even cyber cafes. The ambit of the term is wide enough to include any website that facilitates and brings together two interest groups (such as retailers and consumers in an online shopping mall), carriers of information (a classic example being Gmail service) as well as payment gateways (PayPal and Pay Tm to name a few). To be specific, Section 2(1) (w) of the IT Act, 2000 defines intermediary as “any person who on behalf of another person receives, stores or transmits that record or provides any service with respect to electronic record........”
Indian Institute Of Public Administration Report Submitted To Capacity Building Commission
Surabhi Pandey
I IPA is an autonomous academic institution of national eminence for training, research and information dissemination in streams related to the ethos of Public Administration. Conceived by well-known US expert Paul H. Appleby and Founded and promoted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, it is now known internationally as a premier centre for Training and Research in Public Administration and Management. Public Administration has always implied Government when ‘public’ actually means community or people. In the post-colonial, post-independence paradigm of the early 1950s, Public Administration really meant providing service to the people by the State apparatus using the ground rules of justice, ethics and fair-play. This was the intention of the visionary Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru when he established the Indian Institute of Public Administration on March 29, 1954 based on the recommendations of a survey carried out in 1953 by Prof. Paul H. Appleby, Dean, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University and a Consultant with the Ford Foundation invited to advice on the subject by the Government of India. As India globalises under growing media glare, her administration and governance have to change with the times and respond to the high expectations of a society where the demographic pre-ponderance of youth, the increasing struggles of urban and rural India, the development-sustainability conflict and the continuing problems of poverty related malnutrition together throw up challenges that require great resilience in administration and delivery. IIPA takes the reality of Governance in transition into consideration in all its skill-development, research and knowledge management activities
Oximeter: Gasping For Regulatory Oxygen Profiteering In Oximeter And Need For Immediate Regulation
Tilkesh Bhadala
This article presents an analysis of ‘systemic loops’ in regulatory mechanisms during public health emergency, i.e. COVID-19 second wave. This ‘once in a century crisis’ has highlighted regulatory lapses and oversight in the functioning of the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). Taking specific case for oximeter, this article analyses that how the manufacturers and retailers used regulatory lapses for profiteering, rendering orders useless, toothless and ineffective, issued by National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). Moreover, this underlines the problems in MRP regime and over reliance of regulator to depend on MRP as a key tool to regulate the prices. The later section of the article deals with the Drug Price Control Order, 2013 and powers provided by it to the NPPA- to take necessary measures to carry out its functions; ensuring quality, availability and affordability of the drugs. It also provides for viable alternatives to determine the prices using integration of data. The last part of article talks about possible impact of these regulatory lapses on income levels of lower-middle income groups and vulnerable sections of the society aggravating socio-economic inequity
Policy Concerns Of ‘reverse Migration’ In Uttarakhand During COVID-19
Prakash Chand Kandpal
The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely hit India and the whole world. The human cost of the corona virus is expected to be unimaginably high. The pandemic has shattered lives of millions of people across the world. The pandemic has also posed another challenge to the policy makers in India. Due to the lockdown and non-availability of means of livelihood in cities, millions of people were forced to return to their villages and native states. The panic situation triggered a massive reverse migration from the “urban” to “rural” areas in large parts of the country. The pandemic posed a challenge to the policymakers to create livelihood opportunities in the regions which have experienced huge in-migration.
Review On India’s Crisis Management: SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Kartik Shrinivas Kamepalli
This paper reviews the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak management in India by exploring the combination of scientific, political, public, and media responses. A lack of coordination between lawmakers and governing bodies, institutional claim-makers, and the media, between scientific and political levels suggests broader mismanagement of the Covid crisis during the second phase of the outbreak. Unless strict action is taken to combat this crisis millions of lives across the world are threatened. Many policymakers are facing a critical time as SARS-CoV-2 is slowly affecting the millions in the countryside. Despite the prolonged warnings from researchers and medical experts, decision makers are not taking things as grave as they have been predicted. This paper contributes towards informing lawmakers on significant lessons learned from the management of the SARSCoV-2 in the second-most populous country in the world.
The Health Impact Of COVID-19 In India
Shiv Prakash Katiyar
The case study describes the nature of global COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected all the sectors i.e. economic, social, psychological, health, technological, business, medical and environmental but the case study focuses on health impact of COVID-19 pandemic in India. The methodology used is review methodology. The case study makes use of secondary literature collected from various research papers, annual reports, magazines, journals and websites. Furthermore, the case study reveals that COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health sector adversely. It also offers various suggestions for addressing the negative impacts on health sector due to COVID-19 pandemic
Medical Tourism In India: Challenges And Way Forward Post The Pandemic
Geethanjali Nataraj/Nityasree Muralitharan
Medical Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in the Indian economy and the country is recognised as a global medical tourism hub. It is an industry where people travel to other countries to get medical, dental and surgical care while also enjoying the local tourist attractions. High quality healthcare at a low cost makes India a medical tourism destination. Complicated and high-cost surgeries especially heart surgeries, organ transplants and advanced cancer surgeries can be done at a much cheaper cost as compared to the US and the UK at India’s best hospitals. In lieu of the above, in recent years, India has become a popular destination for foreign tourists seeking the quality treatment at a cheaper price. With further investments in building infrastructure, technology and services and by ensuring a seamless experience for international patients, this sector has the potential to become a leading foreign exchange earner for the country and has the potential to be integrated into a much larger tourism eco-system.
S N Tripathi
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Amitabh Ranjan
Atmanirbhar Bharat – A self-reliant India
SMART CITIES: A Global Trend And A Success In Indian Context – Case Of Bhubaneswar
Sanjay Kumar Singh
The journey to smart cities goes way back to the 1970s, when Los Angeles created the first urban big data project: ‘A Cluster Analysis of Los Angeles’. The first smart city was arguably Amsterdam with the creation of a virtual digital city in 1994. Things then speeded up in mid-2000s when IBM and Cisco launched separate initiatives. In 2011, the inaugural Smart City Expo World Congress was held in Barcelona, which has now become an annual event charting smart cities’ development. — (Global Data Thematic Research, 28th February 2020). However, the scenario in India was a little different
Gora Sahib Syndrome In New India And The Road Ahead
Ranvijay Upadhyay
Even after gaining Swaraj in 1947, why higher civil services in India are seen as a class apart from the common citizens? Why barring a few ‘conscientious’ public servants the large swathe is brimming with condescending and boorish vibes for fellow citizens? Why ICS which was transplanted as IAS in the politico-administrative structure of India amidst great stonewalling failed to strike a chord with the populace? When it was transplanted as IAS in independent India it successfully served the formative decades of nation-building till it was anchored by the dyed-in-the-wool Gandhians till the late 1960s. Later on, except for the ‘conscientious’ civil servants with the exemplary contribution to public service, the imperious and condescending conduct of some members towards the citizens of India (in whom constitutionally the ultimate sovereignty resides) leaves a lot to be desired. It is high time to undertake radical reforms in ‘the bureaucracy with an effusive colonial hangover’. This is indispensable to tailor it to be an enduring vector of public spirit in the omnibus body of public services in India.
PIDPI Resolution: Evolution And Impact On WhistleBlowing
Praveen Kumari Singh/Trishaljit Sethi
‘Whistleblowing’ is an act of disclosing information by an employee or any concerned stakeholder about an illegal or unethical conduct or malpractice within the organization. It is a very important tool for Vigilance and other law enforcement authorities to check and prevent wrongdoings.
Placing India’s Cyber Security In The Global Scenario: The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2020
Surabhi Pandey/ Munisha Chauhan/ Ayush Negi
The term “cyberspace” refers to the virtual space created by interconnected computers and computer networks on the Internet. However, given the vast reach it withholds, the networks also get exposed to increasing number of risks. Over the last decade, the cyber intrusions and attacks have increased tremendously causing high implications and repercussions in terms of breach of sensitive personal and business information, disruptions of critical operations, and imposing high costs on the economy of many countries. This highlights the importance of cyber security measures in the current times.
Shrideep Biswas
This article proposes a novel strategy to involve the Corporate Sector in India’s fight against child malnutrition. The Corporate Sector, whose tremendous potential is hardly harnessed in this grand enterprise, can be effectively put to use with certain readjustments at the policy level. The entire theorization is premised upon an in-situ case study conducted by the author in the capacity of a Government official. The author has endeavoured to join the concepts of Child Malnutrition, Corporate Social Responsibility, Shared Value and the amended version of the Companies’ Act, 2013 into a coherent whole in order to prescribe an effective stratagem to combat Child Malnutrition in India.
Clean And Green India – How Far Is It?
Vijaya Krushna Varma
T he simple answer to this question is a minimum of 10 years away and that is only if the government spends at least Rs 2,00,000 crores per annum from now. When the problem becomes colossal due to neglect, non-planned development, and non-cognizance of it for a longer period, it requires a lot of time, money and perseverance to solve it. The aim of the Mission Swachh Bharat is to spread cleanliness everywhere encompassing everything - roads, railway tracks, bus stations, railway stations, parks, beaches, shorelines, river banks, reservoirs, lakes, schools, colleges, universities and all other public places. 100% absolute cleanliness can be achieved only by the strong will of the government combined with people’s participation and their strong desire to keep their country perfectly clean at all times throughout the year. Swachh Bharat campaign cannot be successful by one day’s work of sweeping some streets somewhere, 5-minute token gestures by celebrities, campaigning on TVs and newspapers, and, most importantly, without proper planning, efficient mechanism, perfect execution and monitoring system developed for the entire country. Swachh Bharat mission requires a huge network of workforce, basic infrastructure, consummate planning, tough laws and efficient monitoring at all levels. Swachh Bharat should also become evergreen Bharat to make it healthy Bharat. Clean and green India = Healthy India.
75 Years Of Independence - Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
Meghna Chukkath
With a vision of building a new self-reliant India- Atmanirbhar Bharat, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav — to commemorate the 75 years of Independence.
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY IN PANDEMIC: AATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT
Bhawna Mishra
he plan, Aatamnirbhar intends to encourage and promote people to become self-reliant in almost every sector only then we will be able to fulfil our needs. In fact, dependence was never there in our culture. The vision of Self-reliant India is not new but from the classical point of view since ancient times as we have given priority to karma over luck. As Lord Krishna says in the 48th verse of the second chapter of the Bhagvat Geeta:
Cooperative Federalism In India And COVID-19
Rukmini Bhattacharjee
The pandemic has effectively revived and strengthened the federal spirit in India’s response to the health crisis. The concerted effort by the Union and state governments respectively have been applauded by the United Nations and the World Health Organization. The post-lockdown measures have been successful to the extent of being appreciated by the International Monetary Fund in terms of India’s economic recovery. The cooperative and coordinated Centre-state approach towards the Covid-19 vaccination also demands appreciation. On the whole the pandemic has regenerated cooperative federalism in India with promise of collaborative governance in the future.
CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY: POLICY BRIEF RECOMMENDATIONS
Surabhi Pandey/Yumna Jamal
Over the last decade, the cyber intrusions and attacks have increased tremendously causing high implications and repercussions in terms of breach of sensitive personal and business information, disruptions of critical operations, and imposing high costs on the economy of our country
CLIMATE CHANGE’S ROLE IN WORSENING FOREST FIRES
Satendra Singh
It is a common observation that during the recent past, the intensity and frequency of forest fires have increased at an alarming rate globally. Forest fires created havoc and devastated huge forests and other property across the world over the past few years. The huge fire in Australian forests spanning 2019-20 captured world attention, due to the killing of a large number of wild animals. During the early phase of the first wave of COVID-19, fires burned large forest tracts in Colorado and Arizona. Boreal and Tundra forests in Siberia also witnessed large forest fires in the recent past.
Information Regime: A Prerequisite To Decentralised Governance
Renu Singh
nformation dissemination today has no substitute since it has been co-related with the people’s right, especially when the human rights discourse is seen in conjunction with transparency and accountability and has placed the discourse on RTI in inescapable space. Lacking on implementation front, the institution needs to bring in practice- innovation. It is the responsibility of the state to setup the sound monitoring mechanism to optimise implementation. Functioning since 1993, the idea of decentralisation in India, could have proved revolutionary, had it been equipped with better monitoring mechanism, which is not possible without transmitting appropriate information to the next level.
October - December 2021
In this edition we have one article on Governance in the lap of Himalayas and another casestudy on District Good Governance Index Framework – J&K which are on the similar lines. There is another engaging piece on the same theme which talks about the Efficient and Effective Administration – Key element of Good Governance.
Amitabh Ranjan
O ver the last few years the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions under the central government has brought several administrative reforms to encourage greater efficiency, transparency and accountability in the system. This in turn has led to a beginning and a launch of several reformative mechanism to tackle the concept of corruption and discretion in the governance process.
Yogendra Narain
C ivil Military relationship in India has been the subject of intensive analysis and discussion in India specially after Independence. Usually the topic is taken to mean the interaction between the civilian bureaucracy in the Ministry of Defence and the Military establishment. But in its broader sense it includes the civilian Ministers /State Ministers heading the Ministry of Defence also. With the creation of a separate Department of Military Affairs under the Chief of Defence Staff, the interaction between the Military and the civil bureaucracy in the Defence Ministry has substantially reduced. However why does this acrimony between the two verticals still remain? For this we will have to go back a bit in history
Efficient And Effective Administration — Key Element Of Good Gove
Raju Sitaram Nandkar
W hether it were the kings of ancient times or the sovereign nations working within the framework laid down by the constitution in the present times, the system of governance is considered to be a necessary and essential element to govern the state. The basic duties of the administrative system are to implement the policies of the government within the framework of laws and regulations. In general, the administrative system has a hierarchy and the functions and duties of everyone working in this hierarchy are assigned. The people working in this system are working on terms and conditions of service and there is uniformity in their work. In general, we see a straight slope from class one to class four in the administrative system. This slope is like a pyramid. The success of the government and the overall development process depends on how efficiently and effectively the administration implements its policies, plans and programmes.
District Good Governance Index Framework — Jammu & Ka
Sh.V.Srinivas/Sh.Saurabh Bhagat/Dr.Reva Sharma/Dr.Shabbeer Shaikh
I ndia is transforming at a faster rate and embracing change both in policy and economic outlook faster than other comparable nations. The outcome of several reforms over the past two and half decades has shown a remarkable transformation of India from a largely closed and listless economy to an open and thriving economy. The country’s progress is not only qualitative but measurable as well. With economic data projecting India to be one of the fastest growing economies and reaching the horizon of being the second biggest economy by 2030, faster than imagined, there are definitive indices that measure and give the assessment of India’s economic growth and potential. It argued that it has clear linkage with the adopted governance model.
Bhamathi Balasubramaniam
G reat things happen when men and mountains meet. The mountains held an irresistible attraction for me. They represent the impossible challenges, insurmountable obstacles that dare to be summited. These perilous yet majestic landforms continue to hold a position of awe and wonderment in our lives. Ed Bernbaum, wrote a book published by the University of California Press some 20 years ago, entitled, ‘Sacred Mountains of the World’. In it he explains that people have traditionally revered mountains as places of sacred power and spiritual attainment and writes that “The ethereal rise of a ridge in mist, the glint of moonlight on an icy face, a flare of gold on a distant peak – such glimpses of transcendent beauty can reveal our world as a place of unimaginable mystery and splendor. In the fierce play of natural elements that swirl about their summits – thunder, lighting, wind, and clouds – mountains also embody powerful forces beyond our control, physical expressions of an awesome reality that can overwhelm us with feelings of wonder and fear.”
Mission Karmayogi: Building The Shared Future For New In
Gurram Ashok
I ndian civil services are entrusted with the responsibility of bringing a social change in the country. Every administrative decision and action of the civil servants will impact the lives of millions of people in India. If these bureaucrats are not competent and calibrated to deal with changing needs of the people, the progress India achieved in its socio-economic arena will be endangered and policy paralysis will also creep in. Mission Karmayogi is an initiative which is intended to modernise civil servants thinking, build and strengthen their competencies. This hints a grand vision of New India which will be a shared destiny of every Indian to live in a nation which is transparent, peaceful and free from inequalities, and corruption.
A Relationship Between Leadership And Decision Ma
Bimal Prasad Singh
This paper presents the strong relationship between decisions and leadership styles. Styles of decision-making concern leadership techniques and institutions. This study examines the essential method to understand leadership decision-making in management and organizational activities. The objective of this study is to provide leaders and managers the best possible method to understand the Leadership Decision-making Process (LDMP). In the small and big organizations, leadership and styles have important impacts. This style applies to all seniors and new managers. In addition, leadership can influence the decision-making style and capabilities of the management, a fundamental characteristic of the function of nurses in organizations of healthcare.
Premature Retirement Will Affect The Permanent Gove
Manish Kumar Tiwary
The Indian Constitution has provided adequate protection to the Permanent Government, especially the All India Services, to work properly without any undue pressure and influence. But recently, premature retirement of the All India Services’ officers has adversely affected the functioning of the officers in discharging their statutory duties. As the father of the All India Services, Sardar Patel termed the All India Services as the “steel frame of India,” and this change will alter the very essence of his ideal. This article seeks to examine the impact of premature retirement with the help of examples. Also, the paper will relook at the Constitutional Protection to the All India Services officers in detail and try to bring the synergy between autonomy and accountability.
THE JACK THE JOCKEY AND THE CELEBRITY
Priya Sharma
T he case study is an attempt to creatively raise social issues of concern. The role of ‘The Jack The Jockey and The Celebrity’ is very efficiently and differently discussed to bring about a ‘Social Change’ in India and the World at large. The case writer’s generous in-kind donation, the lyrics titled, ‘I Am The World’, makes for a stimulating anthem to assist the patients undergoing ‘The Donkey Assisted Therapy’ for cognitive rewiring. The case study also qualifies for ‘A Real World Impact’ on various Academia, Legal and Social aspects as discussed in The Teaching Notes.
January – March 2022
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January – March 2022
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Amitabh Ranjan
In March of this year, the Institute organised a three-day event in which Hon’ble Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; Minister of State (Independent Charge) Earth Sciences; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space and Chairman of IIPA Executive Council Dr Jitendra Singh addressed the participants from Jammu and Kashmir.
Manish Garg
The bureaucracy in India is often criticised, and not wrongly so, for its insular and inflexible outlook. The other prominent groups in society including politicians, professionals and businessmen have conveniently used this criticism to deflect the blame on to the bureaucracy for any sub-optimality in our efforts for development and progress while masking their own failings in the process. Admittedly, society is an organic entity and all its constituent groups, classes and individuals must perform their duties diligently while making claims on its resources to sustain a healthy collective life. Such an effort requires re-evaluation and recalibration on the part of power holders, whether groups or individuals, from time to time so as to align their actions in the pursuit of nation building. ‘Bureaucracy’ is only one powerful group in the spectrum and by no means an omnipotent one. Being part of the system of public administration, its performance takes shape in response to the events and happenings in the wider political environment. Nevertheless, it too requires soul searching as to what has gone wrong and how the situation can be improved. In this context, the recent launch of National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) with an aim to professionalise the bureaucracy to meet our developmental needs in future brings a wave of fresh air.
Output – Outcome Framework: A Paradigm Shift In Outcomes-based Governance
Anand Trivedi
It was for the fourth time in a row during the Union Budget 2022-23 that the significantly evolved Outcome Budget document (Output-Outcome Framework) became a part of the budget documents tabled in the Parliament. This marks an important milestone in the paradigm shift brought about in institutionalizing outcomes-based governance in India.
For the context, Outcome budget document represents a promise by the executive to the legislative in terms of the key outcomes to be achieved through the major developmental expenditure proposed to be conducted by the central government’s line ministries & departments in the form of Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored schemes (CSS). This constitutes about 44% of the Central Government’s expenditure budget. It lays down, in a crisp manner, for all the CS & CSS schemes with FY 2022-23 budgeted expenditure above Rs. 500 Cr. (which constitutes more than 95% of the total CS & CSS budget for the year since large number of CS & CSS schemes have budgets less than Rs. 500 Cr), clearly defined Outputs, Outcomes with their measurable indicators and targets for the financial year. The same for CS and CSS schemes with FY 22-23 budget below Rs. 500 Cr. will be presented in the Parliament along with the detailed demand for grants during the Budget session. These Outlays, Outputs and Outcomes are being presented to the Parliament in measurable terms, bringing-in greater accountability for the agencies involved in the execution of government schemes and projects. Outlay is the amount that is provided for a given scheme or project in the Budget; while Output refers to the direct and measurable product of program activities, often expressed in physical terms or units. Outcome are the collective results or qualitative improvements brought about in the delivery of these services, often expressed in terms of improvements over ex-ante or earlier indicators and benchmarks. Progress against each Output and Outcome is tracked using a measurable indicator for which targets are set in line with the allocated outlays as a part of the Budget and progress is reported subsequently during the year.
TECHNOVATION IN THE BFSI SECTOR IN INDIA: THE WAY FORWARD
Dr Amitabh Rajan
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Raging Silk Route: A Broader Perspective Of The Ukrainian Crisis
Sukhsand Singh
The current Russian war to occupy Ukraine reminds us of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and Poland and how it unfurled the Second World War. No wonder Nations today and their people are condemning such an advance that might lead us to the next Big War.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED INDIAN DATA PROTECTION ACT
Sundeep Oberoi
In a landmark judgment delivered on the 24th of August 2017, now popularly known as the Puttaswamy judgement, a 9 judge bench unanimously ruled that every citizen of India had a fundamental right to privacy which was guaranteed by the Constitution of India within Article 21 in particular and Part III on the whole.
Vivek K. Agnihotri
On 17 February 2022 the Supreme Court set aside the Punjab and Haryana High Court order staying the controversial law of the government of Haryana providing for 75% reservation for the local youth in private sector jobs paying less than `30,000 a month. The Court observed that the High Court had not given sufficient reasons for stopping the Haryana law in its tracks on February 3. Without going into the merits of the matter, the Court ordered that the High Court should decide the petition before it expeditiously and not later than a period of four weeks. At the same time the Court directed the state government not to take any “coercive steps” against employers for violating the Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020.
A Blueprint For Water Resources Management
Vijaya Krushna Varma
A comprehensive water resources management is a must for stabilising, enticing, and revitalising the agriculture sector. It is a permanent solution to all agriculture sector problems.
Dr.Agarala Eswara Reddi: A Dynamic And Committed Leader
Prof.M.C.Reddeppa Reddy
Dr. Agarala Eswara Reddi was born on 28th December 1933 as a second son of Late Sri A. Venkata Subba Reddy and Smt. Mangamma at Thukivakam village of Renigunta (Mandal) of Chittoor district. He holds three M.A. Degrees in Humanities and on the advice of his father; he entered in the public life. Initially he was elected by the people of his village as ‘Sarpanch’ (G.P. President) and reached the highest position of Speaker of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Dr. Reddi was a dynamic and committed leader. As a dynamic leader initially he chose to enter the administrative services. When he didn’t get into it, he tried for other jobs, but he didn’t secure suitable job. Later, he chose the ‘politics’ as a profession and continued in it whether he gets a position or not. However, he secured the highest position in the legislative system by moving from Swatantra Party to Congress party. He conducted the House with dignity, decency and decorum for the span of a period of three years i.e., 1979-1983. In 1982 Assembly Elections, Dr. Reddi was set up as a candidate to oppose the matinee idol, Sri N. T. Rama Rao, who was a founder President of Telugu Desam Party and he lost the election. Though he was promised by the High command of the party that he would be accommodated in a suitable position either in the state or centre, but it was failed to keep up its promise. As a committed leader, he served the society and people by establishing educational institutions, writing articles to the newspapers, magazines and publishing books of varied importance. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a brief sketch about Dr. Agarala Ewara Reddi, his education, aspirations, disappointments, accomplishments and the life learning’s. His unique qualities are also described at the end.
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April - June 2022
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April - June 2022
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Amitabh Ranjan
With a view to commemorate Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebration by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Minister of Home Affairs and Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah was invited to inaugurate the National Tribal Research Institute (NTRI) at IIPA campus.
BRIDGING THE GENDER EQUITY GAP: THE WAY FORWARD
Dr Praveen Kumari Singh / Trishaljit Sethi
Gender inequality continues to remain a major barrier to human development. Women and girls are continued to be discriminated against in provision of basic facilities like health, nutrition, education, etc. This discrimination mani-fests later by way of their lesser involvement in economic activities, labour force participation as well as in political representation. This has serious negative consequences not only for the development of the capabilities of women, but also for the progress and development of the world as a whole.
ASHA: SUCCESSFUL PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERIMENT ROOTED IN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Amarjeet Sinha
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognized the contribution of India’s 1 million Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is acknowledged that ASHAs facilitate linking households to health facilities, and play pivotal roles in house-to-house surveys, vaccination, public health and Reproductive and Child Health measures.
Shri Bharat Lal
On this occasion, I would also like to pay my homage to the founder of this 105-year-old institution, who did a great service to humanity and future generations. So, my sincere gratitude goes to the founder of this institution His Highness 7th Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan. It was his foresight, his vision that today, Osmania University, the seventh oldest University in India continues to produce several great human minds ever since its inception.
If someone has to learn about leadership or has to build a leadership development programme, they must come here to get insights from this institution. I am indeed intrigued by the fact that so many leaders have come out of this place in so many walks of life. I think it would be a great experience and learning to dive into its rich past and present. I am sure Telangana as well as the people sitting here must be very proud of this fact. And I am sure that many of our future leaders are already sitting here, and in the coming years, we will witness brilliance flourishing from this university.
PMGSY, RURAL ROADS PROJECT IN INDIA
Dr. Sarita Mishra Kolhe
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) programme contributed to India’s efforts to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The economic and social im-
pacts of PMGSY have been significant and substantial for enabling the stakeholders in terms of better opportunities and sustainable development in India.
INDIA: LOSING GUILDS, LOSING THE INDUSTRIAL RACE
R V Upadhyay
The raging unemployment crescendo in contemporary India is attributed to the systemic lack of industrial jobs in the manufacturing sector. Some Eurocentric scholars regard Hindu socio-cultural values, institutions and clergy (Brah-mins) as anathema to economic and industrial development. If it is so then how did India a millennium back in 1000 AD as the Golden Bird had a share of about 30%1 in World GDP* that dwindled to 4.2% *on India’s Independence? Did India fail to take policy leaf out from the ancient India Statecraft for creating a conducive ecosystem for ‘mass manufacturing jobs’ in modern India?
INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AND THE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IT FACES POST COVID-19
Vivek Puri
This paper throws light on the concept of Independent India’s Foreign Policy, its objectives and the challenges posed by Covid-19 on its bilateral, multilateral and strategic relation vis-a-vis its next door neighbors as well as other nations. It has been witnessed how India has suffered during the pandemic right form economic contraction due to lockdown, supply of medical equipment’s, vaccine diplomacy, border (Galwan) issue and non-traditional threats dur-ing and post pandemic. This paper further suggests a way forward with which we can partially address and device a dynamic and global strategy to counter the traditional and non-traditional challenges faced by India’s international relations vis-a-vis foreign policy, where “India, that is Bharat” as a largest democracy in the world plays a role of a constructive, result-oriented and a rule abiding nation with a pragmatic and a reformed multilateralism approach.
THEORY OF DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ADMINISTRATION
Dr. Suresh Vadranam / Jayaprada Sahoo
The word ‘decentralization’, literally means ‘away from centre’. Decentralization of author-ity means dispersal of decision-making power to the lower levels of organization (B.L.Fadia and Kuldeep Fadia, 2010. The locus of decision making is transferred from Central govern-ments to regional, municipal or local govern-ments (Elizabeth Linda Yuliani, 2004). Decentralization cannot be easily defined and it has many forms and dimensions. Decentralization is the process of redistributing or dispersing func-tions, powers, people or things away from cen-tral location or authority. There is no common definition of decentralization and its meaning varies because of the different ways it is applied. The concept of decentralization has been applied to management science, in private businesses and organizations, Political Science, Law and Public Administra-tion, Economics and Technology.
MISSION KARMAYOGI – CAPACITY BUILDING FOR PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
Manish Kumar Tiwary
National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) –Karmayogi is an important programme for the civil servants. Through this programme, in-service training is provided to upgrade the skills and behaviour of the civil servants towards service delivery and make governance efficient. With the introduction of this mission, it becomes imperative to include public service motivation into the training programme to connect the human resource development:
INDIA LAUNCHES NATIONAL AIR SPORTS POLICY 2022 (NASP 2022)
Meghna Chukkath
With a view to make India one of the top sports nations by 2023, the Civil Aviation Ministry under the Government of India has launched National Air Sports policy 2022. The policy is launched with an aim to provide a safe, affordable, accessible, enjoyable and sustainable air sports ecosystem in India.Air sports, as the names suggests, includes various sports activities involving the medium of air - like air-racing, aerobatics, aero modeling, paragliding, para motoring, skydiving to name a few. India has a large geographical expanse, diverse topog-raphy, and fair-weather conditions. We also have a large population, especially the youth with the growing culture for adventure sports and aviation. The Union Minister of Civil Aviation, Jyotiraditya Scindia while launching the policy said that the Ministry wants to create an environment of adventure, thrill and sports in the country.
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July - September 2022
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July - September 2022
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Amitabh Ranjan
IIPA organized a one-day interactive session for the new IAS officers of 2020 batch undergoing three months stint as Assistant Secretaries in the Government of India on July 29, 2022. Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; Minister of State (Independent Charge) Earth Sciences; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr Jitendra Singh graced the workshop. While addressing the new IAS officers, the Minister said that the next 25 years will be critical for India and the current batch of IAS officers are privi-leged as they have time on their side, moreover the opportunity to devote their next 25 years for active service to the nation.
IDEA OF NATION AND NATIONALISM
Aditi Narayani Paswan
Let no man dare to call himself a nationalist if he does so merely with a sort of intellectual pride, thinking that he is more patriotic, thinking that he is something higher than those who do not call themselves by that name” this is a portion of a long speech, which Sri Aurobindo delivered in 1908 at Mahajan Wadi, Bombay. The sentiment and psychological expression or force between these lines contains an emotional expression called “Nationalism.” It is a state of mind associated with the supreme loyalty of an individual towards one’s na-tive tradition, soil, or established territorial authority. But how it originated, developed, and historically shaped is a matter of debate. One group of scholars perceived it as a “socially active sentiment of attachment to land, language, and the cult (traditional patriotism) that culminated in the form of nationalism during the colonial period. But another group saw it as a cultural construct of colonialism. Unlike Europe, where its ‘loyalty” devel-oped through industrialization, urbanization, and print capitalism, the Indian “loyalty” evolved through cultural interaction and shared identities of diverse social, geographical, and cultural groups of people in India. This phenomenon culminated in nationalism during the colonial regime by absorbing diverse social, religious, and linguistic groups. Thus Indian nationalism represents an inclusive and composite social integration. It is well articulated in the ideas and philosophy of architecture of modern India, which had multiplicity in their nationalist visions or idea of nationalism. Therefore, it acquired different articulation in different phases. But, there were certain principles, which had been the core of such “cultural visualization” like inclusiveness and pluralism.
EMERGING WATER GOVERNANCE IN INDIA—LEARNINGS FROM GUJARAT TO ACHIEVE WATER SECURITY
Bharat Lal
Gujarat, today considered the growth engine of India, wit-nessed a turnaround from being a water scarce state to wa-ter secure state in the first decade of the 21st century under Narendra Modi’s leadership, resulting in sustained double digit agricultural and economic growth. Its transformation by adopting environment–friendly policies, climate–resilient engineering, and strengthening grassroots leadership, which stand out as an example of sustainable development and offers a path to follow. This article throws light on the steps taken in the State since 2001 that have become the basis for new policies and practices at the national level and have the potential to make an impact, especially in the Global South to achieve sustainable development goals and prosperity.
Meghna Chukkath
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JUDICIAL ACTIVISM VIS-À-VIS ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Kanhaiya Singhal
“In Environmental lawsuits, the term “judicial activism” signifies the anxiety of judges to find out suitable rem-edies for environmental problems. At the international level, the right to life is now acknowledged as a funda-mental right to include an adequate environment for the health as well of individual beings. In the situation of such developments in the worldwide scenarios, the judicial decisions given by Indian judiciary are particularly crucial to examine.” Hon’ble Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer in the case of Ratlam Municipality vs. Vardhichandi , stated that “the human rights calling for the unpolluted environment must be implemented irrespective of financial constraints. The public nuisance because of pollutants is a challenge to the social justice component of the rule of law.”
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION: THE PULSE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Renu Singh
Tracing the trajectory of the concept of ‘participation and development’ the governments have walked half ways to ensure actual citizen participation. A representing agency, be it government or private has constrained the citizens from exercising their will. The concept of ‘community participation’ began in 1970s, following the approach of ‘project with people’, the involvement of the people with the institutions of local governance has largely turned ‘democracy into bureaucracy’ rather than ‘representation into participation’.
RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (RMSA) IN INDIA
Sarita Mishra Kolhe
The Government of India, in recognition of the multiple challenges to secondary education, launched a centrally-sponsored programme in 2009, called the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA). The RMSA aimed to provide universal access to secondary education by 2017, with universal retention / completion by 2020.
MRINAL KUMAR DAS
Origins of Geoeconomics can be traced to the beginning of human civilization itself. Geoeconomics as a geopolitical pressure choke is not new. In more recent past it used to be a part of geopolitics, serving both as a means and an end. Few developments of twentieth and twenty-first century indicate that geoeconomics has come out of the closet of geopolitics and assumed primacy in foreign policy. Looking at events surrounding a few geopolitical hotspots, controversies involving climate change gives interesting insights.
REBOOTING INDIAN JUDICIARY: A KICK START WITH REFORMS IN CRIMINAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM
Gurram Ashok
The Government of India made a decisive intervention to reform the criminal justice system, in 2022, after 100 years of its criminal legal framework being introduced by the colonial masters. The new Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022 will not only aim at decolonisation of the Indian judiciary but also rebooting it by up-dating with technological innovations and professionalisation of legal agencies. Government must continue to reform the judiciary in order to make it more accessible and affordable to every citizen in the country. Thus, the judiciary should address the contemporary needs and aspirations of the people.
INDIA-CANADA RELATIONS: CURRENT TRENDS AND A WAY FORWARD
Vivek Puri
Canada is home to approximately 4 per cent of people of Indian origin, the deep cultural and political ties be-tween Canada and India are strengthened by a growing network of official dialogues, agreements, MoUs and working groups. This paper throws light on the diplomatic relations between India and Canada and how they have been evolved in the recent years--right from historical to political, economic, educational and scientific engagements between the two nations, the challenges that have emerged and caused disruption between the two nations and a suitable way forward.
AI-ANALYTICS FOR BANKS: A METAPOLICY VIEW OF THE NEXT STEPS
Amitabh Rajan
AI-driven analytics is an emancipatory aid to decision-making in systems, and an increasingly intense inter-disciplinary endeavour of our time. Its essence as a prudent business-proposition, however, lies in ensuring that outcomes are real-time and correlated with a vision on metrics. A good model of AI-Analytics also does its best to keep its operational excellence aligned to the preferred values of the end-user and provides agility, safety and sustainability as well.
AGNIPATH SCHEME FOR ARMED FORCES RECRUITMENT
Meghna Chukkath
With a view to create a youthful profile of the Armed Forces, the Government of India has launched ‘AG-NIPATH’ scheme for their recruitment
IIPA Digest June 2022
BRIDGING THE GENDER EQUITY GAP: THE WAY FORWARD
Dr Praveen Kumari Singh / Trishaljit Sethi
Gender inequality continues to remain a major barrier to human development. Women and girls are continued to be discriminated against in provision of basic facilities like health, nutrition, education, etc. This discrimination mani-fests later by way of their lesser involvement in economic activities, labour force participation as well as in political representation. This has serious negative consequences not only for the development of the capabilities of women, but also for the progress and development of the world as a whole.
ASHA: SUCCESSFUL PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERIMENT ROOTED IN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Amarjeet Sinha
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognized the contribution of India’s 1 million Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is acknowledged that ASHAs facilitate linking households to health facilities, and play pivotal roles in house-to-house surveys, vaccination, public health and Reproductive and Child Health measures.
Shri Bharat Lal
On this occasion, I would also like to pay my homage to the founder of this 105-year-old institution, who did a great service to humanity and future generations. So, my sincere gratitude goes to the founder of this institution His Highness 7th Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan. It was his foresight, his vision that today, Osmania University, the seventh oldest University in India continues to produce several great human minds ever since its inception.
If someone has to learn about leadership or has to build a leadership development programme, they must come here to get insights from this institution. I am indeed intrigued by the fact that so many leaders have come out of this place in so many walks of life. I think it would be a great experience and learning to dive into its rich past and present. I am sure Telangana as well as the people sitting here must be very proud of this fact. And I am sure that many of our future leaders are already sitting here, and in the coming years, we will witness brilliance flourishing from this university.
PMGSY, RURAL ROADS PROJECT IN INDIA
Dr. Sarita Mishra Kolhe
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) programme contributed to India’s efforts to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The economic and social im-
pacts of PMGSY have been significant and substantial for enabling the stakeholders in terms of better opportunities and sustainable development in India.
INDIA: LOSING GUILDS, LOSING THE INDUSTRIAL RACE
R V Upadhyay
The raging unemployment crescendo in contemporary India is attributed to the systemic lack of industrial jobs in the manufacturing sector. Some Eurocentric scholars regard Hindu socio-cultural values, institutions and clergy (Brah-mins) as anathema to economic and industrial development. If it is so then how did India a millennium back in 1000 AD as the Golden Bird had a share of about 30%1 in World GDP* that dwindled to 4.2% *on India’s Independence? Did India fail to take policy leaf out from the ancient India Statecraft for creating a conducive ecosystem for ‘mass manufacturing jobs’ in modern India?
INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AND THE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IT FACES POST COVID-19
Vivek Puri
This paper throws light on the concept of Independent India’s Foreign Policy, its objectives and the challenges posed by Covid-19 on its bilateral, multilateral and strategic relation vis-a-vis its next door neighbors as well as other nations. It has been witnessed how India has suffered during the pandemic right form economic contraction due to lockdown, supply of medical equipment’s, vaccine diplomacy, border (Galwan) issue and non-traditional threats dur-ing and post pandemic. This paper further suggests a way forward with which we can partially address and device a dynamic and global strategy to counter the traditional and non-traditional challenges faced by India’s international relations vis-a-vis foreign policy, where “India, that is Bharat” as a largest democracy in the world plays a role of a constructive, result-oriented and a rule abiding nation with a pragmatic and a reformed multilateralism approach.
THEORY OF DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ADMINISTRATION
Dr. Suresh Vadranam / Jayaprada Sahoo
The word ‘decentralization’, literally means ‘away from centre’. Decentralization of author-ity means dispersal of decision-making power to the lower levels of organization (B.L.Fadia and Kuldeep Fadia, 2010. The locus of decision making is transferred from Central govern-ments to regional, municipal or local govern-ments (Elizabeth Linda Yuliani, 2004). Decentralization cannot be easily defined and it has many forms and dimensions. Decentralization is the process of redistributing or dispersing func-tions, powers, people or things away from cen-tral location or authority. There is no common definition of decentralization and its meaning varies because of the different ways it is applied. The concept of decentralization has been applied to management science, in private businesses and organizations, Political Science, Law and Public Administra-tion, Economics and Technology.
MISSION KARMAYOGI – CAPACITY BUILDING FOR PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
Manish Kumar Tiwary
National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) –Karmayogi is an important programme for the civil servants. Through this programme, in-service training is provided to upgrade the skills and behaviour of the civil servants towards service delivery and make governance efficient. With the introduction of this mission, it becomes imperative to include public service motivation into the training programme to connect the human resource development:
INDIA LAUNCHES NATIONAL AIR SPORTS POLICY 2022 (NASP 2022)
Meghna Chukkath
With a view to make India one of the top sports nations by 2023, the Civil Aviation Ministry under the Government of India has launched National Air Sports policy 2022. The policy is launched with an aim to provide a safe, affordable, accessible, enjoyable and sustainable air sports ecosystem in India.Air sports, as the names suggests, includes various sports activities involving the medium of air - like air-racing, aerobatics, aero modeling, paragliding, para motoring, skydiving to name a few. India has a large geographical expanse, diverse topog-raphy, and fair-weather conditions. We also have a large population, especially the youth with the growing culture for adventure sports and aviation. The Union Minister of Civil Aviation, Jyotiraditya Scindia while launching the policy said that the Ministry wants to create an environment of adventure, thrill and sports in the country
IIPA Digest March 2022
Manish Garg
The bureaucracy in India is often criticised, and not wrongly so, for its insular and inflexible outlook. The other prominent groups in society including politicians, professionals and businessmen have conveniently used this criticism to deflect the blame on to the bureaucracy for any sub-optimality in our efforts for development and progress while masking their own failings in the process. Admittedly, society is an organic entity and all its constituent groups, classes and individuals must perform their duties diligently while making claims on its resources to sustain a healthy collective life. Such an effort requires re-evaluation and recalibration on the part of power holders, whether groups or individuals, from time to time so as to align their actions in the pursuit of nation building. ‘Bureaucracy’ is only one powerful group in the spectrum and by no means an omnipotent one. Being part of the system of public administration, its performance takes shape in response to the events and happenings in the wider political environment. Nevertheless, it too requires soul searching as to what has gone wrong and how the situation can be improved. In this context, the recent launch of National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB) with an aim to professionalise the bureaucracy to meet our developmental needs in future brings a wave of fresh air.
Output – Outcome Framework: A Paradigm Shift In Outcomes-based Governance
Anand Trivedi
It was for the fourth time in a row during the Union Budget 2022-23 that the significantly evolved Outcome Budget document (Output-Outcome Framework) became a part of the budget documents tabled in the Parliament. This marks an important milestone in the paradigm shift brought about in institutionalizing outcomes-based governance in India.
For the context, Outcome budget document represents a promise by the executive to the legislative in terms of the key outcomes to be achieved through the major developmental expenditure proposed to be conducted by the central government’s line ministries & departments in the form of Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored schemes (CSS). This constitutes about 44% of the Central Government’s expenditure budget. It lays down, in a crisp manner, for all the CS & CSS schemes with FY 2022-23 budgeted expenditure above Rs. 500 Cr. (which constitutes more than 95% of the total CS & CSS budget for the year since large number of CS & CSS schemes have budgets less than Rs. 500 Cr), clearly defined Outputs, Outcomes with their measurable indicators and targets for the financial year. The same for CS and CSS schemes with FY 22-23 budget below Rs. 500 Cr. will be presented in the Parliament along with the detailed demand for grants during the Budget session. These Outlays, Outputs and Outcomes are being presented to the Parliament in measurable terms, bringing-in greater accountability for the agencies involved in the execution of government schemes and projects. Outlay is the amount that is provided for a given scheme or project in the Budget; while Output refers to the direct and measurable product of program activities, often expressed in physical terms or units. Outcome are the collective results or qualitative improvements brought about in the delivery of these services, often expressed in terms of improvements over ex-ante or earlier indicators and benchmarks. Progress against each Output and Outcome is tracked using a measurable indicator for which targets are set in line with the allocated outlays as a part of the Budget and progress is reported subsequently during the year.
TECHNOVATION IN THE BFSI SECTOR IN INDIA: THE WAY FORWARD
Dr Amitabh Rajan
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Raging Silk Route: A Broader Perspective Of The Ukrainian Crisis
Sukhsand Singh
The current Russian war to occupy Ukraine reminds us of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and Poland and how it unfurled the Second World War. No wonder Nations today and their people are condemning such an advance that might lead us to the next Big War.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED INDIAN DATA PROTECTION ACT
Sundeep Oberoi
In a landmark judgment delivered on the 24th of August 2017, now popularly known as the Puttaswamy judgement, a 9 judge bench unanimously ruled that every citizen of India had a fundamental right to privacy which was guaranteed by the Constitution of India within Article 21 in particular and Part III on the whole.
Vivek K. Agnihotri
On 17 February 2022 the Supreme Court set aside the Punjab and Haryana High Court order staying the controversial law of the government of Haryana providing for 75% reservation for the local youth in private sector jobs paying less than `30,000 a month. The Court observed that the High Court had not given sufficient reasons for stopping the Haryana law in its tracks on February 3. Without going into the merits of the matter, the Court ordered that the High Court should decide the petition before it expeditiously and not later than a period of four weeks. At the same time the Court directed the state government not to take any “coercive steps” against employers for violating the Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020.
A Blueprint For Water Resources Management
Vijaya Krushna Varma
A comprehensive water resources management is a must for stabilising, enticing, and revitalising the agriculture sector. It is a permanent solution to all agriculture sector problems.
Dr.Agarala Eswara Reddi: A Dynamic And Committed Leader
Prof.M.C.Reddeppa Reddy
Dr. Agarala Eswara Reddi was born on 28th December 1933 as a second son of Late Sri A. Venkata Subba Reddy and Smt. Mangamma at Thukivakam village of Renigunta (Mandal) of Chittoor district. He holds three M.A. Degrees in Humanities and on the advice of his father; he entered in the public life. Initially he was elected by the people of his village as ‘Sarpanch’ (G.P. President) and reached the highest position of Speaker of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Dr. Reddi was a dynamic and committed leader. As a dynamic leader initially he chose to enter the administrative services. When he didn’t get into it, he tried for other jobs, but he didn’t secure suitable job. Later, he chose the ‘politics’ as a profession and continued in it whether he gets a position or not. However, he secured the highest position in the legislative system by moving from Swatantra Party to Congress party. He conducted the House with dignity, decency and decorum for the span of a period of three years i.e., 1979-1983. In 1982 Assembly Elections, Dr. Reddi was set up as a candidate to oppose the matinee idol, Sri N. T. Rama Rao, who was a founder President of Telugu Desam Party and he lost the election. Though he was promised by the High command of the party that he would be accommodated in a suitable position either in the state or centre, but it was failed to keep up its promise. As a committed leader, he served the society and people by establishing educational institutions, writing articles to the newspapers, magazines and publishing books of varied importance. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a brief sketch about Dr. Agarala Ewara Reddi, his education, aspirations, disappointments, accomplishments and the life learning’s. His unique qualities are also described at the end.
IIPA Digest December 2021
Yogendra Narain
C ivil Military relationship in India has been the subject of intensive analysis and discussion in India specially after Independence. Usually the topic is taken to mean the interaction between the civilian bureaucracy in the Ministry of Defence and the Military establishment. But in its broader sense it includes the civilian Ministers /State Ministers heading the Ministry of Defence also. With the creation of a separate Department of Military Affairs under the Chief of Defence Staff, the interaction between the Military and the civil bureaucracy in the Defence Ministry has substantially reduced. However why does this acrimony between the two verticals still remain? For this we will have to go back a bit in history
Efficient And Effective Administration — Key Element Of Good Gove
Raju Sitaram Nandkar
W hether it were the kings of ancient times or the sovereign nations working within the framework laid down by the constitution in the present times, the system of governance is considered to be a necessary and essential element to govern the state. The basic duties of the administrative system are to implement the policies of the government within the framework of laws and regulations. In general, the administrative system has a hierarchy and the functions and duties of everyone working in this hierarchy are assigned. The people working in this system are working on terms and conditions of service and there is uniformity in their work. In general, we see a straight slope from class one to class four in the administrative system. This slope is like a pyramid. The success of the government and the overall development process depends on how efficiently and effectively the administration implements its policies, plans and programmes.
District Good Governance Index Framework — Jammu & Ka
Sh.V.Srinivas/Sh.Saurabh Bhagat/Dr.Reva Sharma/Dr.Shabbeer Shaikh
I ndia is transforming at a faster rate and embracing change both in policy and economic outlook faster than other comparable nations. The outcome of several reforms over the past two and half decades has shown a remarkable transformation of India from a largely closed and listless economy to an open and thriving economy. The country’s progress is not only qualitative but measurable as well. With economic data projecting India to be one of the fastest growing economies and reaching the horizon of being the second biggest economy by 2030, faster than imagined, there are definitive indices that measure and give the assessment of India’s economic growth and potential. It argued that it has clear linkage with the adopted governance model.
Bhamathi Balasubramaniam
G reat things happen when men and mountains meet. The mountains held an irresistible attraction for me. They represent the impossible challenges, insurmountable obstacles that dare to be summited. These perilous yet majestic landforms continue to hold a position of awe and wonderment in our lives. Ed Bernbaum, wrote a book published by the University of California Press some 20 years ago, entitled, ‘Sacred Mountains of the World’. In it he explains that people have traditionally revered mountains as places of sacred power and spiritual attainment and writes that “The ethereal rise of a ridge in mist, the glint of moonlight on an icy face, a flare of gold on a distant peak – such glimpses of transcendent beauty can reveal our world as a place of unimaginable mystery and splendor. In the fierce play of natural elements that swirl about their summits – thunder, lighting, wind, and clouds – mountains also embody powerful forces beyond our control, physical expressions of an awesome reality that can overwhelm us with feelings of wonder and fear.”
Mission Karmayogi: Building The Shared Future For New In
Gurram Ashok
I ndian civil services are entrusted with the responsibility of bringing a social change in the country. Every administrative decision and action of the civil servants will impact the lives of millions of people in India. If these bureaucrats are not competent and calibrated to deal with changing needs of the people, the progress India achieved in its socio-economic arena will be endangered and policy paralysis will also creep in. Mission Karmayogi is an initiative which is intended to modernise civil servants thinking, build and strengthen their competencies. This hints a grand vision of New India which will be a shared destiny of every Indian to live in a nation which is transparent, peaceful and free from inequalities, and corruption.
A Relationship Between Leadership And Decision Ma
Bimal Prasad Singh
This paper presents the strong relationship between decisions and leadership styles. Styles of decision-making concern leadership techniques and institutions. This study examines the essential method to understand leadership decision-making in management and organizational activities. The objective of this study is to provide leaders and managers the best possible method to understand the Leadership Decision-making Process (LDMP). In the small and big organizations, leadership and styles have important impacts. This style applies to all seniors and new managers. In addition, leadership can influence the decision-making style and capabilities of the management, a fundamental characteristic of the function of nurses in organizations of healthcare.
Premature Retirement Will Affect The Permanent Gove
Manish Kumar Tiwary
The Indian Constitution has provided adequate protection to the Permanent Government, especially the All India Services, to work properly without any undue pressure and influence. But recently, premature retirement of the All India Services’ officers has adversely affected the functioning of the officers in discharging their statutory duties. As the father of the All India Services, Sardar Patel termed the All India Services as the “steel frame of India,” and this change will alter the very essence of his ideal. This article seeks to examine the impact of premature retirement with the help of examples. Also, the paper will relook at the Constitutional Protection to the All India Services officers in detail and try to bring the synergy between autonomy and accountability.
THE JACK THE JOCKEY AND THE CELEBRITY
Priya Sharma
T he case study is an attempt to creatively raise social issues of concern. The role of ‘The Jack The Jockey and The Celebrity’ is very efficiently and differently discussed to bring about a ‘Social Change’ in India and the World at large. The case writer’s generous in-kind donation, the lyrics titled, ‘I Am The World’, makes for a stimulating anthem to assist the patients undergoing ‘The Donkey Assisted Therapy’ for cognitive rewiring. The case study also qualifies for ‘A Real World Impact’ on various Academia, Legal and Social aspects as discussed in The Teaching Notes.
IIPA Digest September 2021
SMART CITIES: A Global Trend And A Success In Indian Context – Case Of Bhubaneswar
Sanjay Kumar Singh
The journey to smart cities goes way back to the 1970s, when Los Angeles created the first urban big data project: ‘A Cluster Analysis of Los Angeles’. The first smart city was arguably Amsterdam with the creation of a virtual digital city in 1994. Things then speeded up in mid-2000s when IBM and Cisco launched separate initiatives. In 2011, the inaugural Smart City Expo World Congress was held in Barcelona, which has now become an annual event charting smart cities’ development. — (Global Data Thematic Research, 28th February 2020). However, the scenario in India was a little different
Gora Sahib Syndrome In New India And The Road Ahead
Ranvijay Upadhyay
Even after gaining Swaraj in 1947, why higher civil services in India are seen as a class apart from the common citizens? Why barring a few ‘conscientious’ public servants the large swathe is brimming with condescending and boorish vibes for fellow citizens? Why ICS which was transplanted as IAS in the politico-administrative structure of India amidst great stonewalling failed to strike a chord with the populace? When it was transplanted as IAS in independent India it successfully served the formative decades of nation-building till it was anchored by the dyed-in-the-wool Gandhians till the late 1960s. Later on, except for the ‘conscientious’ civil servants with the exemplary contribution to public service, the imperious and condescending conduct of some members towards the citizens of India (in whom constitutionally the ultimate sovereignty resides) leaves a lot to be desired. It is high time to undertake radical reforms in ‘the bureaucracy with an effusive colonial hangover’. This is indispensable to tailor it to be an enduring vector of public spirit in the omnibus body of public services in India.
PIDPI Resolution: Evolution And Impact On WhistleBlowing
Praveen Kumari Singh/Trishaljit Sethi
‘Whistleblowing’ is an act of disclosing information by an employee or any concerned stakeholder about an illegal or unethical conduct or malpractice within the organization. It is a very important tool for Vigilance and other law enforcement authorities to check and prevent wrongdoings.
Placing India’s Cyber Security In The Global Scenario: The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2020
Surabhi Pandey/ Munisha Chauhan/ Ayush Negi
The term “cyberspace” refers to the virtual space created by interconnected computers and computer networks on the Internet. However, given the vast reach it withholds, the networks also get exposed to increasing number of risks. Over the last decade, the cyber intrusions and attacks have increased tremendously causing high implications and repercussions in terms of breach of sensitive personal and business information, disruptions of critical operations, and imposing high costs on the economy of many countries. This highlights the importance of cyber security measures in the current times.
Shrideep Biswas
This article proposes a novel strategy to involve the Corporate Sector in India’s fight against child malnutrition. The Corporate Sector, whose tremendous potential is hardly harnessed in this grand enterprise, can be effectively put to use with certain readjustments at the policy level. The entire theorization is premised upon an in-situ case study conducted by the author in the capacity of a Government official. The author has endeavoured to join the concepts of Child Malnutrition, Corporate Social Responsibility, Shared Value and the amended version of the Companies’ Act, 2013 into a coherent whole in order to prescribe an effective stratagem to combat Child Malnutrition in India.
Clean And Green India – How Far Is It?
Vijaya Krushna Varma
T he simple answer to this question is a minimum of 10 years away and that is only if the government spends at least Rs 2,00,000 crores per annum from now. When the problem becomes colossal due to neglect, non-planned development, and non-cognizance of it for a longer period, it requires a lot of time, money and perseverance to solve it. The aim of the Mission Swachh Bharat is to spread cleanliness everywhere encompassing everything - roads, railway tracks, bus stations, railway stations, parks, beaches, shorelines, river banks, reservoirs, lakes, schools, colleges, universities and all other public places. 100% absolute cleanliness can be achieved only by the strong will of the government combined with people’s participation and their strong desire to keep their country perfectly clean at all times throughout the year. Swachh Bharat campaign cannot be successful by one day’s work of sweeping some streets somewhere, 5-minute token gestures by celebrities, campaigning on TVs and newspapers, and, most importantly, without proper planning, efficient mechanism, perfect execution and monitoring system developed for the entire country. Swachh Bharat mission requires a huge network of workforce, basic infrastructure, consummate planning, tough laws and efficient monitoring at all levels. Swachh Bharat should also become evergreen Bharat to make it healthy Bharat. Clean and green India = Healthy India.
75 Years Of Independence - Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
Meghna Chukkath
With a vision of building a new self-reliant India- Atmanirbhar Bharat, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav — to commemorate the 75 years of Independence.
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY IN PANDEMIC: AATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT
Bhawna Mishra
he plan, Aatamnirbhar intends to encourage and promote people to become self-reliant in almost every sector only then we will be able to fulfil our needs. In fact, dependence was never there in our culture. The vision of Self-reliant India is not new but from the classical point of view since ancient times as we have given priority to karma over luck. As Lord Krishna says in the 48th verse of the second chapter of the Bhagvat Geeta:
Cooperative Federalism In India And COVID-19
Rukmini Bhattacharjee
The pandemic has effectively revived and strengthened the federal spirit in India’s response to the health crisis. The concerted effort by the Union and state governments respectively have been applauded by the United Nations and the World Health Organization. The post-lockdown measures have been successful to the extent of being appreciated by the International Monetary Fund in terms of India’s economic recovery. The cooperative and coordinated Centre-state approach towards the Covid-19 vaccination also demands appreciation. On the whole the pandemic has regenerated cooperative federalism in India with promise of collaborative governance in the future.
CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY: POLICY BRIEF RECOMMENDATIONS
Surabhi Pandey/Yumna Jamal
Over the last decade, the cyber intrusions and attacks have increased tremendously causing high implications and repercussions in terms of breach of sensitive personal and business information, disruptions of critical operations, and imposing high costs on the economy of our country
CLIMATE CHANGE’S ROLE IN WORSENING FOREST FIRES
Satendra Singh
It is a common observation that during the recent past, the intensity and frequency of forest fires have increased at an alarming rate globally. Forest fires created havoc and devastated huge forests and other property across the world over the past few years. The huge fire in Australian forests spanning 2019-20 captured world attention, due to the killing of a large number of wild animals. During the early phase of the first wave of COVID-19, fires burned large forest tracts in Colorado and Arizona. Boreal and Tundra forests in Siberia also witnessed large forest fires in the recent past.
Information Regime: A Prerequisite To Decentralised Governance
Renu Singh
nformation dissemination today has no substitute since it has been co-related with the people’s right, especially when the human rights discourse is seen in conjunction with transparency and accountability and has placed the discourse on RTI in inescapable space. Lacking on implementation front, the institution needs to bring in practice- innovation. It is the responsibility of the state to setup the sound monitoring mechanism to optimise implementation. Functioning since 1993, the idea of decentralisation in India, could have proved revolutionary, had it been equipped with better monitoring mechanism, which is not possible without transmitting appropriate information to the next level.
IIPA Digest March 2021
The Death Of A Classical Language : A Case Study Of Sanskrit In India
Mithila Urmila Bagai
The paper explores various reasons for the demise of Sanskrit language that is left with only 24 thousand speakers. The research also states the significant reasons for allocating more central funds to Sanskrit in comparison to other classical languages.
Australia’s High Commiss Ioner To India Delivers A Lecture In IIPA
H.E. Hon’ble Barry O’Farrell AO
H.E. Hon’ble Barry O’Farrell AO is Australia’s High Commissioner to India. This writeup is his commentary
delivered during the 46th Digital APPPA Participants on ‘The Indian Diaspora and the Australia-India Partnership’
dated January 29, 2021 coordinated by IIPA Faculty, Gadadhara Mohapatra.
Kalpana Gopalan
This paper is a temporal case study of the Shilpa Gurukula, an art school for stone and wood carving
and a creation of Cauvery Handicrafts, a government-owned corporation. It follows the evolution of the
school since its conception in 2009 until the present day, analyzing its history, challenges, constraints
and opportunities.
The Digital Challenges Of Classical Indian Arts
Mridula Anand
Classical Indian dance forms have existed and evolved over centuries facing each challenge to its very existence and structure. But classical artists are often unrecognised entrepreneurs. While recognition continues to be their primary dream, creating a successful ‘business’ is often an elusive dream. And the year 2020-21 shut more doors for these entrepreneurs. With no other option but to go online, artists face innumerable obstacles due to the very nature of the art form.
Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Chair In Social Justice
Neetu Jain
The Chair named “Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Chair in Social Justice” has been instituted at the Indian Institute of Public Administration – a premier National Institute of Public Administration in the year 2004. Since then, a number of quality publications, value adding workshops and courses have been conducted under the Chair. This Chair has a special role in providing inputs for policy formulation and governance besides sensitizing the Administration.
Child Sexual Abuse: Causes And Consequences
Pushpender Yadav/Divya Shrivastava
Child sexual abuse is a universally condemned offence against children. Consequences of sexual abuse are very severe and they deeply affect the physical and mental state of victims for a long time. Aftermath outcomes of the abuse are extremely painful because it disrupts the self esteem as well as physical and mental order of the victim child. It is essential to keep children safe by a collective effort of family, society and government.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yoja Na (PMGKY): Implementation Is The Key
Nayakara Veeresha
Globally, the situation is alarming as the number of Corona Virus infected persons and the death toll is gradually increasing. In this backdrop, on 26th March, 2020 the Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced Rs. 1.70 lakh crore, an economic package for the poor to overcome the crisis situation during the lockdown period. The scheme is called as Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) aiming to address the food and financial related difficulties of the poor people.
Jeevan Talegaonkar
In this paper, modern-day righteous management behaviour in an ennoble form is considered as constellation of upanishadik values, a few thoughts from īśāvāsya upanishad are meaningfully explored in that context. In other words, lessons from Indian philosophy of īśāvāsya upanishad ought to be taught in modern-day management, especially under Business Ethics; and practiced in corporate lives to purify working environment; working selves at the helm of affairs, i.e. CEOs to achieve sustainable growth at an individual, corporate and social level.
PROFESSOR ASOK KUMAR MUKHOPADHYAY A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Samik Mukherjee
In the year 1970, a young Indian aged around 30 years while entering India Office at London saw an Englishman standing at the entrance. He walked up to the Englishman and after a few necessary words remarked, “I think I have seen you somewhere. You seem to be known to me.” The Englishman replied with a smile, “It is very much possible that you have seen me earlier. After all, I was India’s last Viceroy.” The anecdote of meeting with Lord Mountbatten was often humourously narrated by the legendary figure in Political Science, Asok Kumar Mukhopadhyay.
The Glory Of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Vasant Kelkar
Atomic Energy Establishment was renamed Bhabha Atomic Research Centre to commemorate Homi Bhabha who died in 1966 in an air crash. Homi Bhabha was a physicist. Dirac, the Nobel Prize Winner, was Bhabha’s friend and teacher. Homi Bhabha was also nominated for Nobel Prize but unfortunately he did not get it. According to his father’s wishes he did engineering in England but he told his father thereafter that his line was physics and not engineering.
Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch The Rain Initiative Launched By The Government To Save Water
Meghna Chukkath
In a bid to save the nation from the water crisis, the Central Government has recently launched a programme to conserve water. With a core focus on water conservation and rainwater harvesting, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain (JSA:CTR) initiative is one such approach of the government to save water. The initiative is a collaborative effort of National Water Mission, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan and Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Gautam Buddha: The Glorious Master
Vishwanath Shegaonkar
In the annals of human civilization, the 6th Century BC was the most attractive and remarkable one. In this century alone the Greek Philosopher and Mathematician, Pythagoras; Gautam Buddha,
the founder of Buddhism; Vardhman Mahavir, the exponent of Jainism and the Chinese political thinker and philosopher Confucius appeared on this earth almost at the same time, who had made profound, indelible contribution over man’s socio-political, ethical, and religious life past 2500 years. Among those great men, the visit of the Lord Buddha to this planet was, by any scale, glorious and virtuous indeed.
Samar Nanda
Climate change is a global problem, one that cannot be solved by any one nation or state actor alone. By learning from the failures of recent international climate change action, specifically the failures of the Paris Accord, and best practices of collaborative governance, we recommend creating a Collaborative Governance Regime (CGR) at the level of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The proposed CGR will differ from the Paris Accord, most notably: (i) focus on key actor nations representing the largest CO2 emitters (to the tune of 64% of the total emissions)(China, United States, India, European Union, Russian Federation and Japan), as opposed to the full international community; (ii) focus on one specific facet of climate change, CO2 emissions, as opposed to the entire scope of contributing factors to climate change; (iii) increased emphasis on collaboration for ambitious, yet realistic goals, and finally; (iv) increased emphasis on sanctioning to prevent any unilateral withdrawal undermining the collective spirit. In this backdrop, the role of India in terms of the Paris Accord is quite significant. India being one of the leading contributors to the greenhouse gases including CO2, also has made rapid strides in utilizing renewable sources of energy in pretty quick time. Further, India has an important role to play in the geopolitics and climate sustainability of the South Asian region as a key driver.
Raju Narayana Swamy
I ntermediaries are gateways to the internet- services enabling delivery of online content to the end user. The various players involved in the chain range from ISPs ( Internet Service Providers like Airtel that help users to get connected to the net by means of wired/wireless connections), search engines ( the most commonly used ones in India being Google Search, Yahoo Search, Microsoft Bing and Duck Duck Go), DNS providers ( that translate domain names to addresses that can be understood by computers), web hosts, interactive websites ( which include social media sites like Facebook and Twitter) and even cyber cafes. The ambit of the term is wide enough to include any website that facilitates and brings together two interest groups (such as retailers and consumers in an online shopping mall), carriers of information (a classic example being Gmail service) as well as payment gateways (PayPal and Pay Tm to name a few). To be specific, Section 2(1) (w) of the IT Act, 2000 defines intermediary as “any person who on behalf of another person receives, stores or transmits that record or provides any service with respect to electronic record........”
Indian Institute Of Public Administration Report Submitted To Capacity Building Commission
Surabhi Pandey
I IPA is an autonomous academic institution of national eminence for training, research and information dissemination in streams related to the ethos of Public Administration. Conceived by well-known US expert Paul H. Appleby and Founded and promoted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, it is now known internationally as a premier centre for Training and Research in Public Administration and Management. Public Administration has always implied Government when ‘public’ actually means community or people. In the post-colonial, post-independence paradigm of the early 1950s, Public Administration really meant providing service to the people by the State apparatus using the ground rules of justice, ethics and fair-play. This was the intention of the visionary Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru when he established the Indian Institute of Public Administration on March 29, 1954 based on the recommendations of a survey carried out in 1953 by Prof. Paul H. Appleby, Dean, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University and a Consultant with the Ford Foundation invited to advice on the subject by the Government of India. As India globalises under growing media glare, her administration and governance have to change with the times and respond to the high expectations of a society where the demographic pre-ponderance of youth, the increasing struggles of urban and rural India, the development-sustainability conflict and the continuing problems of poverty related malnutrition together throw up challenges that require great resilience in administration and delivery. IIPA takes the reality of Governance in transition into consideration in all its skill-development, research and knowledge management activities
Oximeter: Gasping For Regulatory Oxygen Profiteering In Oximeter And Need For Immediate Regulation
Tilkesh Bhadala
This article presents an analysis of ‘systemic loops’ in regulatory mechanisms during public health emergency, i.e. COVID-19 second wave. This ‘once in a century crisis’ has highlighted regulatory lapses and oversight in the functioning of the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). Taking specific case for oximeter, this article analyses that how the manufacturers and retailers used regulatory lapses for profiteering, rendering orders useless, toothless and ineffective, issued by National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). Moreover, this underlines the problems in MRP regime and over reliance of regulator to depend on MRP as a key tool to regulate the prices. The later section of the article deals with the Drug Price Control Order, 2013 and powers provided by it to the NPPA- to take necessary measures to carry out its functions; ensuring quality, availability and affordability of the drugs. It also provides for viable alternatives to determine the prices using integration of data. The last part of article talks about possible impact of these regulatory lapses on income levels of lower-middle income groups and vulnerable sections of the society aggravating socio-economic inequity
Policy Concerns Of ‘reverse Migration’ In Uttarakhand During COVID-19
Prakash Chand Kandpal
The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely hit India and the whole world. The human cost of the corona virus is expected to be unimaginably high. The pandemic has shattered lives of millions of people across the world. The pandemic has also posed another challenge to the policy makers in India. Due to the lockdown and non-availability of means of livelihood in cities, millions of people were forced to return to their villages and native states. The panic situation triggered a massive reverse migration from the “urban” to “rural” areas in large parts of the country. The pandemic posed a challenge to the policymakers to create livelihood opportunities in the regions which have experienced huge in-migration.
Review On India’s Crisis Management: SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Kartik Shrinivas Kamepalli
This paper reviews the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak management in India by exploring the combination of scientific, political, public, and media responses. A lack of coordination between lawmakers and governing bodies, institutional claim-makers, and the media, between scientific and political levels suggests broader mismanagement of the Covid crisis during the second phase of the outbreak. Unless strict action is taken to combat this crisis millions of lives across the world are threatened. Many policymakers are facing a critical time as SARS-CoV-2 is slowly affecting the millions in the countryside. Despite the prolonged warnings from researchers and medical experts, decision makers are not taking things as grave as they have been predicted. This paper contributes towards informing lawmakers on significant lessons learned from the management of the SARSCoV-2 in the second-most populous country in the world.
The Health Impact Of COVID-19 In India
Shiv Prakash Katiyar
The case study describes the nature of global COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected all the sectors i.e. economic, social, psychological, health, technological, business, medical and environmental but the case study focuses on health impact of COVID-19 pandemic in India. The methodology used is review methodology. The case study makes use of secondary literature collected from various research papers, annual reports, magazines, journals and websites. Furthermore, the case study reveals that COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health sector adversely. It also offers various suggestions for addressing the negative impacts on health sector due to COVID-19 pandemic
Medical Tourism In India: Challenges And Way Forward Post The Pandemic
Geethanjali Nataraj/Nityasree Muralitharan
Medical Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in the Indian economy and the country is recognised as a global medical tourism hub. It is an industry where people travel to other countries to get medical, dental and surgical care while also enjoying the local tourist attractions. High quality healthcare at a low cost makes India a medical tourism destination. Complicated and high-cost surgeries especially heart surgeries, organ transplants and advanced cancer surgeries can be done at a much cheaper cost as compared to the US and the UK at India’s best hospitals. In lieu of the above, in recent years, India has become a popular destination for foreign tourists seeking the quality treatment at a cheaper price. With further investments in building infrastructure, technology and services and by ensuring a seamless experience for international patients, this sector has the potential to become a leading foreign exchange earner for the country and has the potential to be integrated into a much larger tourism eco-system.
IIPA Digest December 2020
Can MGNREGA Be Reshaped And Reoriented To Help India’s Farmers?
Jugal Mohapatra/ Siraj Hussain
Due to sudden lock down and resultant job losses, about 44 lakh people returned to their homes, some walking hundreds of miles, others using all conceivable means of transport - buses, trucks, trailers,
concrete mixers, Shramik trains, motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, auto rickshaws, cycle and trolly rickshaws and even boats. Many of them may be so upset psychologically with the travails they had to face that
they may choose not to return at all. A sizable number may take several months to return to the cities and towns
to earn a living.
Governance Practices In Pandemic: Global And Indian Perspective
V Srinivas
It is important to recognise the importance of leadership roles Public Administrators have played in the Covid-19 pandemic. As an Institution, the Civil Services particularly the All India Services have always commanded considerable respect from the people of India. Such respect emanates from a perception that decisionmaking
would be neutral and unbiased and would enable the nation to achieve the objectives outlined in the Preamble of the Constitution. The 21st century has witnessed a significant expansion of the Civil Services
processes and responsibilities. Recruitment has become highly competitive, training norms more stringent, performance appraisal timely and constant evaluations have been introduced on the capacity of the civil servant to meet current challenges.
Samar Nanda
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body set up under the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act (1956) under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), Government of India. The KVIC is involved in production and marketing of ‘Khadi- a handspun and hand-woven fabric’ made in an eco-friendly manner earning carbon credits for the country and saving huge
amount of water, which is getting scarce each passing day.
Freedom Of Choice To Farmers: Are New Farm Acts A Watershed Moment For Indian Agriculture?
Surendra Nath Tripathi/Ashok Vishandass
Indian agriculture is akin to the huge aeroplane without fuel. Can it fly? At one level, India’s agri-strategy has been successful in the sense that the country moved from import-dependence to self-sufficiency and
then to a net food exporting country. After feeding 1.35 billion people, at another level, farmers’ income levels have not augmented commensurately. Implicit in the agri-strategy was that the benefits of increased production and productivity would percolate down to the welfare of farmers. However, the strategy by-passed their income levels, primarily because the requisite ‘fuel’ has been missing in our agriculture. ‘Getting the prices right’ and ‘getting the markets right’ together constitute the requisite ‘fuel’ which has the potential to take our agriculture to new heights.
Lt Gen Abhay Krishna
In the year 1913, the United Kingdom (UK), China and Tibet met at Shimla to sign an agreement on the alignment of the international boundary as per the map produced by the Foreign Department of British India. Though China was the one to initiate the proposal, later they backed off citing ambiguities and technical reasons. Henry McMahon, the Foreign Secretary, who had drawn up the proposal, then decided to bypass the Chinese and settle British India’s Himalayan border bilaterally by negotiating directly with Tibet. China, however, rejected Tibet’s claim of independent rule and maintained that the said treaty had no sanctity without China’s endorsement.
India Needs To Rework On Its RTA Strategy To Revive Exports
Rishika Singh/Geethanjali Nataraj
The global pandemic has wreaked havoc on the world economy and India has unfortunately been one of the worst affected countries right behind the United States. Only last year India was one of the fastest
growing emerging economies targeting to become a dollar five trillion economy. But since the onset of the pandemic, the economy suffered a staggering contraction in first quarter during 2020. The depressing
figure of 23.9 per cent is a major alteration in India’s growth path whose average is at 6.8 per cent. As economic activity across spectrum of sectors has grinded to a halt, negative growth rate has spurred. Even as government expenditure as a share of GDP went up from 11 per cent to 18 per cent, the economy could not be rescued
from an expected seven per cent overall contraction, estranged from an average positive growth of seven per cent since delicensing. Infact, the GDP growth this financial year is expected to be the worst post- World War II.
Amit Kumar Singh
The effectiveness of the governance is crucial to the development of country and every well-governed country needs a highly professional civil service to meet the needs of public policy formulation and
public management. Several countries have recognized this need and invested significant resources in upgrading the quality of their public service personnel. In India, the civil service system is the backbone of
the government machinery. The civil servants play an extremely important role in the administration, policy formulation, implementation and in taking the country forward towards progress and development. They perform their functions and duties through a number of Central and state government Ministries, departments and organisations in accordance with the policy directions given by the respective governments.
Samruddhi Ke Path Par Krishi Aur Kisan
Shri Narender Singh Tomar
Guest Talk
Draconian Essential Commodities Act Undergoes Amendment
Sapna Chadah/Varuni B.R.
The Essential Commodities Act (ECA), 1955 was enacted with an objective to control the production, supply and distribution of, and trade and commerce in certain goods such as vegetables, pulses, edible oils, sugar, etc., which are treated as essential commodities. The purported aim of this Act is to ensure affordability of essential commodities for the poor by restricting hoarding. It is an overarching legislation regulating agricultural marketing and production. There is no exhaustive list of what all commodities are essential.
RISK ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL OF MINES’ SAFETY IN INDIA
Partha Pratim Mitra
The coal mining industry in India which is spread mainly in eastern and central India engages about 5.6 lakh workers on a daily basis. There can be no doubt that the safety of these workers, who work under difficult ground conditions, is extremely important. Our main contention is that it is possible to introduce an approach of risk assessment as an
important component of safety and risk management. In doing so it would also not be advisable to discontinue the existing prescriptive safety approach given in the statutes and the various mine regulations that have been evolved over a period of time. Risk assessment
would, therefore, be an additional layer of mines’ safety and the complete transition to this approach will have to be planned carefully.
Globalization In Context Of Covid-19
Hemant Pandey
Globalization emerged as an aspiration for integrating world into a global village, and subsequently transformed the economic, political and cultural dimensions of the world. However, it witnessed a serious blow in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of a globalized world. Pandemic compelled countries to impose restrictions on international travel, foreign investment, export of medical supplies and disrupted the global supply chain. It led to a new wave of protectionism, self-reliance and nationalism. But to deal with this crisis and prepare ourselves for post-Covid world, a globalized response is the way forward.
Automation And Labour In India: Policy Implications Of Job Polarisation Pre And Post COVID-19 Crisis
Abhishek Nipanni
Advancements in ICTs have heightened the potential of such technology to automate jobs en masse. Realistically, however, concern revolves not around redundancy of labour, but the polarising effect automation exerts on jobs. Job polarisation widens wage disparity, lowers the aggregate skill level of labour, and exacerbates existing social inequalities. Proponents of laissezfaire automation argue that while automation may exert adverse effects on labour in the short run,
it is bound to realise higher net benefits and employment in the long run due to the increased efficiency it entails. However, world over and in India, firms have been merely substituting labour with capital, sans efficiency gains. This trend is only set to worsen with the ongoing health crisis due to varied reasons. In such a situation, it becomes imperative to enable labour mobility, design novel methods of social security, and incentivise retention and continuance of labour engagement.
Arnab Goswami: Suffering The Vendetta Politics!
Sudhanshu Tripathi
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India sternly reprimanded the Maharashtra government on November 11, 2020 for illegally confining Mr Arnab Goswami into jail and also criticised the Bombay High Court in not granting bail to him. In fact, he has been suffering the vicious course of vendetta politics for the past many months for launching a vigorous crusade against unimaginable corruption in public places with a view to strengthen democracy and rule of law in the country. In this scenario, one can easily remember the wisdom of George Orwell as reflected in his memorable words: ‘Ours is an age of democracy.’
Padhna Likhna Abhiyan Introduced By The Government For Adult Education In India
Meghna Chukkath
With a view to ensure complete eradication of illiteracy in India, the Government of India has recently launched a scheme for adult education in India – Padhna Likhna Abhiyan. The scheme initiated by the Department of School Education & Literacy under the Ministry of Human Resource Development now Ministry of Education, Government of India, focuses on providing basic literacy in its initial stage.