Article Image
comment 0 428
Data Dissemination and Governance

Abstract

Robust statistical data forms the cornerstone of an informed governance system. This paper studies the statistical system and data dissemination in the Centre and State governments in India, and the measures put in action to accelerate the data dissemination process. Arguing that the availability of high-frequency statistical data is a necessary condition for good governance, the first section of the paper reflects on the structural and functional framework of the Indian Statistical System, and how instrumental the various government ministries have been in introducing and facilitating the increasing availability of data for public welfare and information. Arguments are drawn from closely studying governmental initiatives about Open Government Data (OGD) and other policies that form the nucleus of data transparency and dissemination. The second section discusses the role of State governments in data collection and distribution vis-à-vis Centre-State relations under the Indian data governance profile. Substantial data asymmetry has been identified among the States which is further explained within the framework of Panchayati Raj and grass-root governance. The last section of the paper focuses on the limitations prevalent in statistical governance and provides holistic recommendations to amend the existing gaps in the system.

Introduction

This chapter is set in context to Indian statistical data particularly, and how functional the central and the state governments have been about data dissemination for public transparency and better governance since the official statistical system forms an important part of a country's institutional framework. The centrality of data for governance is reflected in the origin of the word ‘statistics’ which denotes a crucial role in managing state affairs. Credible data provides a shared understanding between the government and its citizens about the understanding of the reality of the state of affairs in a country (Muralidharan). Data dissemination in Government is primarily releasing information obtained through recorded data for its users, to ensure smooth governance. Statistical data, to define, refers to the collection, organization and analysis of information to make inferences, decisions, or conclusions about a particular phenomenon or population.

Under the able leadership of P.C. Mahalanobis who is also regarded as the pioneer of the Indian Statistical System India set up the Central Statistical Unit in 1949, which was later converted into the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) in 1951. Alongside this, the Department of Statistics was also established, which presently serves as the Statistics Wing of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). High-quality data allows the government to understand problems of development, which was imperative for a country like India right after independence. At present, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is the nodal ministry of the Government of India (GoI) concerned with aspects of coverage and quality of statistics that are regularly released (Kumar) and the surveys conducted by the Ministry are based on scientific sampling methods. To understand the statistical system of India, the understanding of the functioning and distribution of administrative powers between the Centre and the states is important. The Union, State, and Concurrent Lists, as specified in the Indian Constitution, serve as the basis for the administrative function division between the Central Government of India and the State Governments. As per the Allocation of Business Rules, 1961, which are subject to periodic modifications, the duties are distributed among the different ministries and departments at the Centre. Any authority (Central Ministry or Department or State Government Department) that is in charge of that subject based on its listing in the Union, State, or Concurrent Lists is typically in charge of gathering statistics on that subject (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation).

Assessing the Role of the Central Government in Data Dissemination

Statistical data is a public asset, both in terms of accountability of the elected representatives and enabling a deeper understanding of the distribution of public goods and services. The Central government plays a crucial role in collecting and disseminating economic data in India. Government bodies like the MoSPI, Ministry of Labour, NITI Aayog, and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) collect and manage a major part of economic data. In 2012, the Union Ministry of Science & Technology introduced the “National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP)” to facilitate access to Government of India-owned shareable data (along with its usage information) in machine-readable form through a wide area network all over the country. To enable this, the Open Government Data (OGD) Platform (www.data.gov.in), which is an integrated repository of datasets, documents, services, tools and applications of various Ministries/Departments was launched in October 2012 for public use (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation).

Keeping in terms with the spirit of a welfare state whose fundamental characteristic is inclusivity, India has always strived towards inclusive development instead of unchecked development, with the intention to empower the people at the bottom of the pyramid by raising their income and attempting the overall welfare of the society. As explained above, administrative powers are distributed between the Centre and the States, with certain subjects falling under the concurrent list. According to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, data usually flows from the States to the Centre, except for subjects where state-level operations are integral to the centrally-sponsored schemes. By and large, state-wise results flow to the Centre, which is then aggregated to obtain national-level data on a particular subject. However, large-scale data collection of the nationwide population rests with the Centre, including the Population Census, Economic Census, Annual Survey of Industries and the like Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

In 1999, shortly after India underwent liberalisation and opened its markets to the world, the need for a stronger and more open public data system was felt. A new data-dissemination policy was introduced by the Union Ministry with the major objective of collecting data from various sources and integrating them into logical subject areas in such a way that the information available can be comprehended and used by non-technical decision-makers in the market as well as the common masses, thus making way for inclusive and accountable governance. The need for converting raw data into reports and the introduction of query tools to facilitate a better understanding of key challenges of the specific industries as well as the national problems was also suggested by various committees, to keep up with the market forces of the other countries (Bhattacharya). This project of creating a data warehouse became difficult to realize for the MoSPI and while the RBI became one of the earliest central banks to build a centralised system for economic data for the country, the MoSPI failed to reposition itself into, what can be called, the government’s analytical hub (Bhattacharya).

In the absence of any centralised data system for assembling statistical data of the country, individual industries went on to create their portals to share data and the need for integration of these data sets was felt yet again by late 2000. This led to the spearheading of a new data policy by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2012 whose approval finally led to the introduction of India’s nascent open data system. This is not to say that this was the only factor leading to an open data system in the country. The introduction of the Right to Information (RTI) in 2005 had the provision of releasing suo-moto non-sensitive information to the public. With the help of the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy and the act's provisions, an Indian Civic Community of open data enthusiasts persuaded local, state, and federal government representatives to strive towards opening more datasets to the general public. Through their campaigning, some data flow was created for the recently established data.gov.in site, which was intended to be a single, unified location for viewing public data. Although data consumers' original expectations were not met by the data.gov.in portal, it did encourage government departments to make more datasets available to the public. As of 2020, the public's interest in collective data that has been suitably anonymized and secured has been acknowledged by the Kris Gopalakrishnan Committee Report on Non-Personal Data Governance Framework (Saxena). To facilitate safe data-driven development and provide access to non-personal data, it proposed a data-sharing architecture. The proliferation of the internet and digitalization in India has equipped numerous private and non-profit entities with the necessary infrastructure and capabilities to gather, store, and evaluate dynamic real-time data that can be beneficial for governance.

One of the most prominent areas where Open Government Data (OGD) has been instrumental is in addressing the monumental problem of data inaccuracy in India. (Write et al.,) mentions that while the RTI enables the dissemination of public data and information to the public, it does not guarantee the accuracy of data. Several civil society organisations and individuals have heavily complained about unreliable public data and according to the 2018 World Economic Report, India accounts for the most unequal country in terms of income, second to Russia (Kumar et.al.). This is a strong reflection of the failure of several welfare policies carved out by the Indian government over the years to combat inequality and disparity among various socio-economic classes present in the country. One of the main reasons for this is the insufficient data which governs these developmental schemes. Muralidharan explains how often bureaucrats and governments take a “blind shot” at designing public goods and services since they are mostly oblivious to the ground realities of the citizens and their actual needs. Another reason is the unavailability of actionable data. Input data denotes the distribution of policies or aids, but the impact made from it and people’s lived experience of those services mostly go undocumented, which accounts for actionable data. While there is just sufficient input data, there is not enough actionable data to analyse the impact of the welfare or developmental schemes, resulting in a vicious loop that lacks feedback from its very own users. of government departments and organisations. In many cases, not only extracting data is a difficult feat to achieve for non-governmental organisations and civil society, but examining the authenticity and reliability of data becomes an additional task. This is where Open Government Data (OGD) can be of great help. For starters, (Write et al.), mention again that a comparison of open data sets across websites and departments will result in easier cross-checking of data for accuracy. In actuality, access to government data is sometimes provided through digital means, but at a cost. This applies to data that ranges from corporate records kept up to date by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA21 MMP) to the Indian e-Gazette, which is the official source of all national legislation as well as the electronic form of the official repository for all notifications from the central government. Although certain fundamental data from the National Sample Survey is freely accessible, individuals must pay for any significant research. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MetiY) introduced the India Data Accessibility and Use Policy in 2022 intending to “radically transform India’s ability to harness public sector data” for large-scale transformation in society (Gupta). Drawing on a rather critical yet urgent need of the hour, the policy envisages sharing and maximizing access to all sorts of non-personal data with the help of existing open data portals as well as inter-government data sharing (Desk & Desk). Under this policy, the India Data Council (IDC) was also introduced which comprises the India Data Officer and Chief Data Officers of both the state and central governmental departments. In its official policy, it laid down the provisions for open data, stating that all governmental/departmental/ organisational data should have public access unless it is classified or has personal information of its users. They have also facilitated an extensive framework for government-to-government data sharing, high-value data sets, integrated data portals as well as data anonymization and privacy preservation (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India).

The Digital India Initiative, another flagship program of the GoI, was introduced in 2015 to transform India into a knowledge economy and digitally transformed society. The main aim of the initiative is to promote the digital literacy of the citizens and make digital data accessible to the public, thereby catapulting transparent governance and making digital resources accessible worldwide. Juxtaposing digital literacy and data dissemination, data accessibility and aware citizens are two direct results of this program (Welcome to Common Services). Although this initiative brings with it, its share of criticisms against the digital divide and asymmetry in its functionality, one timeline which has proven beneficial is during the COVID-19 pandemic. Garg et al., write about Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) which is a tool used for the self-reporting of communicable diseases by citizens to ensure proper statistical data to analyse on public health as well as timely intervention of health experts. With the provision of real-time capturing of data, PDS in India during the COVID-19 pandemic not only ensured to mapping of the location of the diseased but also served as a constructive platform to cross-check data with the government of laboratory-confirmed cases of the virus.

The official document of the National Statistical Office (NSO) of the Five-Year Vision 2019-2024 envisages the implementation of real-time monitoring of the Indian economy by using metadata, policymakers, ensuring better investment in Research and Development (R&D), Human Capital Management, increased user engagement and the like. It is indeed a matter to gauge on how the NSO brings in the functional changes to ameliorate the problems that have been bugging the process of transparent data collection and dissemination process.

The State Statistical System at the State level is a near replica of the system at the Centre. It follows the pattern of a laterally decentralised system divided into major Departments under the various Ministries of the State Government. Data collection, compilation, processing and preparation of results are carried out by the states for most sectors, of which agriculture and labour are of primal importance Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and the Centre uses state-wise results for all-India-level Statistics. At the apex level lies the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) which is formally responsible for coordinating the statistical activities in the State (Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation) The DES displays somewhat consistent statistical activity. They calculate the estimates of the State Domestic Product and Retail Price Index Numbers, publish statistical abstracts and handbooks of the States, annual economic reviews or surveys, district statistical abstracts, and State budget analyses, among other statistical activities pertinent to the State. India has mostly standardised the statistical work programme of the States' DESs. “Their publications include state-specific statistical handbooks and abstracts, yearly economic reviews and surveys, budgets-in-brief, budgets classified by economic and functional factors, estimates of the state's gross domestic product, district statistical abstracts, development indicators of social and economic aspects, municipal yearbooks, and reports derived from the tabulation and analysis of sample survey data, including the NSS matching sample survey” (https://desagri.gov.in/en/). The State Statistical System is majorly concerned with micro-level planning and organisation as the policies and services born out of this data concern only a particular population, geography and concern. This data, is therefore, more crucial in the sense that proper collection and dissemination of it can not only lead to the suitable formation of state policies but also help draw an accurate picture of national problems and their challenges.

However, the State Statistical System (SSS) is plagued with problems and asymmetry. Democratic decentralisation was formally established in India in 1992 with the advent of the Panchayati Raj System, by introducing the 11th and 12th Schedules of the Indian constitution. These two schedules were born out of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act(s) that specify the powers and function of the Panchayats and Municipalities. However, even before that, the Block Statistical Organisation (BSO) was created almost fifty years ago to ensure statistical data for community development programs. The BSO enabled the establishment of statistical units under the supervision of the DESs on the lowest possible rung of the administrative ladder. Still, to much dismay, the work done by the BSO remains largely unimpressive, with very little coordination between the DESs and the BSO (Barman). Although the introduction of Local Self-Governance created ample opportunities to revive the BSO, much work has not been done to ensure its functionality and usefulness. The lack of a clear roadmap for navigating the challenges of data collection and distribution from the grassroots level to the concerned State and Union Ministries remains a struggle. The ODG portal of the GoI is highly suggestive of data asymmetry across the States. While Telangana is the only state with a dedicated ODG portal, most states showcase a rudimentary template of data access (Saxena).

Another arena where the statistical system forms the central requirement is mapping the rural-urban divide and the welfare policies encircling it. Government intervention is essential for the redistribution of income when it comes to the welfare of the poor. According to Rawls's (1971) difference principle, a just society should place its policies in such a way that it benefits the least well-off section of the society, that is, the welfare of the least fortunate group should be prioritized by society. (Sen) has explored poverty, inequality, and entitlement in great detail, both theoretically and empirically. The government has taken a leading role in policing for the betterment of the underprivileged. Two well-known examples of policy initiatives on inclusive growth are poverty alleviation programs like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). These are admirable initiatives aimed at maximizing growth benefits for economic well-being. However, these schemes rely heavily on data and play an important role in calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country as well. With time, government departments have fully computerised their data, enabling them to capture and digitalise highly disaggregated data. The Rangarajan Committee (2001) also recommended data consolidation using data warehousing technology. Besides, it also recommended the appointment of a professional statistician as the secretary of MoSPI, which was duly implemented. Despite these changes, the Indian Statistical System was hit by a major blow circa 2015 when the country's annual GDP figures did not match the other economic indicators present. The main argument was that the revision in the economic barometer that changed was not transparent enough. (The wire) The MCA-21, an e-governance initiative introduced by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) was used to record company filings. Still, the way formal company filing proxies were used to calculate informal sector growth was announced faulty. This was followed by MoSPI’s refusal to open up its methodological practices and database for public scrutiny remained an obstruction to verify the gaps in the statistical dissemination framework in India (Bhattacharya).

Limitations/Suggestions

It has been well-established that India does not lack adequate policies and governmental bodies to overlook its statistical system. The presence of the MoSPI, NSO, NDSAP, DES, OGD platforms and the like are enough to testify about India’s growing concern about data transparency and accessibility. The problem remains elsewhere. Despite adequate measures being in place, India’s home and global performance has remained under par. One of the many reasons is the political tensions back home, especially between the Centre and the states. Political instability during the 1990s severely affected the statistical governance goals followed by several tensions of a coalition government, to date. The need of the hour is to establish proper channels of coordination among states so that high-frequency data reaches the designated portals/departments for use and analysis. Officers and staff members of all government departments should be imparted regular training on data collection and storage, required technical skills and above all, awareness about the importance of statistical data on the institutional framework of a country.

The second limitation lies in technological deficiencies. Despite making magnificent advancements in other sectors, India has failed to realise its technological potential in this sector. Government departments need to make full use of emerging technologies, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI) in capturing and storing data. The abundant availability of cheap internet can facilitate digital data collection, and proper use of AI and remote sensing can enable real-time data collection and analysis without the hassle of personnel being physically present at every site, in certain cases.

Thirdly, there is an urgent need for active citizen participation in the statistical framework process. The government should join hands with private organisations, civil society, NGOs and self-help groups to collect data. The active collaboration between organisations especially with proper reach in the rural parts of India and the government will draw benefits in assimilating quality data from the grass-roots. Besides, outsourcing the data collection and management process to a third party will have two direct benefits: it will act as a good source of cross-checking of data with the government departments and secondly, limited intervention of the concerned departments will obstruct the risk of under simplifying the problems recorded. The advent of several voluntary data reporting practices by concerned citizens has opened up more platforms for the government to strengthen its data sets.

Lastly, the census of India was last conducted in 2011, which needs to be conducted as more than a decade has passed. Consequently, a vicious cycle of data production delays and the ensuing accumulation of the most recent data backlogs is created. The private sector is far more prepared and producing data faster than the public sector in this era of digital information (Bhattacharya). This has made the argument between the state and the market even stronger. India is the only country with this kind of bureaucratic complexity; no other developed or emerging economy has it. In this era of PPP, as India makes its way into the top five economies of the world, it must take a serious look at the structural and functional setup of its statistical system, since it forms the base of its economy.

India: Data Governance Profile

1.Vision And Policy Intent

Digital India is a flagship programme of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog's Strategy for New India includes the vision of “data led governance and policy making” with all policy interventions and decision- making based on evidence and real-time data. This requires:

     Collecting data for new measurable parameters using latest technologies;

     Improving efficiencies in processes related to existing data collection by government departments and agencies;

     Expanding warehousing facilities for storing and integrating data;

     Making data available for industry practitioners, academicians, researchers, etc., wherever feasible; and

     Integrating data analysis and interactive data visualization into all policy formulation.

Aspirational Districts and Blocks programme, a flagship initiative of NITI Aayog, relies on real-time data collection for ranking indicators to foster competition, accountability and providing targeted support.

2. Data Management: Policies rules & institutionManagement:

The National Statistical Commission was constituted with effect from 12th July 2006 with a mandate to evolve policies, priorities and standards in statistical matters.

National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP).

The National Policy is expected to increase the accessibility and easier sharing of non-sensitive data amongst the registered users and their availability for scientific, economic and social developmental purposes.

Department of Science & Technology (DST) would be the Nodal Department for all matters connected with overall co-ordination, formulation, implementation and monitoring of the policy.

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, (MEITY) is working towards the promotion of e-Governance. MEITY has published a draft National Data Governance Policy which proposes the establishment of an “India Data Management Office” responsible for developing rules, standards, and guidelines for non-personal data to catalyse the data and AI based innovation ecosystem under this Policy.


3. Data Custodians and data stewardship

The Collection of Statistics Act 2008 is the principal legislation for the collection of economic, social, demographic, scientific and environmental data.

The Central Statistical Office (CSO) is the statistical arm of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Its functions include:

     Acting as the nodal agency for planned development of the statistical system.

     Coordinating the statistical work in respect of the Ministries/Departments of the Government of India and State Statistical Bureaus (SSBs),

     Advising the Ministries/ Departments of the Government of India on statistical methodology and on statistical analysis of data.

     Compiling and releasing official statistics.

     Organizing and conducting periodic all-India Economic Censuses and large-scale all- India sample surveys.

     Evaluation of sampling design in respect of surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisations and other Central Ministries and Departments.

     Liaison with international statistical organizations.


4. Data sharing, accessibility and Integration

The National Data and Analytics Platform (NDAP) streamlines data

dissemination and provides access to standardized published government data sets from across India's extensive administrative landscape ina user-centric manner. NDAP allows users to easily search, merge, visualize, and download datasets.

To implement the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP), an Open Government Data (OGD) Platform has been developed by the National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Informational Technology. The Open Government Data platform provides open access by proactive release of the data available with various ministries/departments/ organizations of Government of India. All datasets/resources including metadata published on the Open Government Data portal (data.gov.in) are licensed under the Government Open Data License-India which can be accessed here.

Debnath Roma M • 3 months ago
IIPA Governance & Polity • 3 months ago

Leave a comment

More articles from Governance & Polity
Article
Revolutionizing Health Policies in India: A New Paradigm Goud Poodari Rohith, Ahmad Ansari Mohd Nafees
Article
Mission Karmayogi Dhanapall RR
Article
Introduction Misra Suresh, Chadah Sapna, Pathania Mamta
Article
Civil Services Pathania Mamta
Article
Public Policy Chowdhry Sachin
Article
Administrative Reform in Mongolia: Stages, Lessons Learned Yadamsuren Byambayar, Tumendemberel Tumentsogtoo
Article
Administrative Law Chadah Sapna
Article
Accountability and Control Wasnik Jitendra G
Article
Organisations Sharma Meenu
Article
Administrative Behaviour Inampudi Sandeep
Article
Executive Summary Tripathi Surendra Nath, Mohapatra Gadadhara
Article
Collaborative Governance: The Indian Experience Tripathi Surendra Nath, Misra Suresh
Article
Administrative Thought Inampudi Sandeep
Article
The Revenge of Geography Dwivedi Manan
Article
Reimagining Institutions Sharma Vinod Kumar, Malhotra Charru
Article
Public Service Delivery Chowdhry Sachin
Article
Creative Bureaucracy Pathania Mamta
Article
Sankalp of Viksit Bharat Singh Shyamli
Article
Viksit Path: Kartavya Path Tripathi Surendra Nath
Related articles
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Fast Track Special Courts in curbing crimes against Women: An Assessment

The hallmark of any criminal justice system rests on some key robust principles. Access to justice, being a component of justice is one of them. It encompasses speedy and expeditious trial. Otherwise, justice loses its true value and essence.

comment 0
832
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Promoting Sustainable, Peaceful and Inclusive societies through Tourism Development: Survey Findings of cleanliness dimension

The future of tourism lies in those destinations that conserve a clean environment and reflect natural beauty as the majority of foreign tourists appreciate cleanliness and want full value for their money spent, with no compromise with their health while on tour.

comment 0
400
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Shared Prosperity in promoting Peaceful and Inclusive societies

India has surpassed France and the UK to become the fifth largest economy in the world with a nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) estimated to be around $ 3.12 trillion for FY22. For the fiscal year 2022-23, a healthy growth rate of approximately 7% is anticipated.

comment 0
289
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Contribution of PSUs in building Competent workforce for the Nation

This study analyses the current contribution of the Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) in building a competent workforce for the nation while identifying the policy gaps that have led to disinvestment, privatisation, and closure of these PSEs.

comment 0
380
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Sustainable Development in the energy Sector using Artificial Intelligence

Technological advancements in the field of Artificial intelligence (AI) are being adopted by society at large since it has the potential to change the way we transact.

comment 0
265
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Drone-Based Delivery of Services and Aerial Transportation

This paper offers an integrated digital drone-based services solution for cities & towns, controlled through an integrated smart control room and/or where users may call in for support of required service, on a time-sharing basis; charged according to No of drones, payload, distances and time calculations.

comment 0
322
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Sustainability of Public Sector Enterprises for Nation Building: An Assessment of Disinvestment Strategies in India

The Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) have contributed significantly in the growth and development journey of India. Over the past few years, survival and viability of some of the PSUs have posed significant challenges before the Government.

comment 0
285
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Endurance Sports: Road to Fitness Consciousness and Societal Health

The Ironman triathlon is considered one of the most demanding endurance races globally, encompassing long-distance swimming, cycling, and running.

comment 0
268
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Social Support System in ensuring Good Health and Wellbeing

With the emerging global crisis of climate change outbreak of COVID-19, it is imperative that how significant it is to maintain the balance between ecology, environment, and human life. 

comment 0
182
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Promoting Health and Happiness through Yoga

Health and happiness are valuable assets of human life. Traditional Indian knowledge system particularly Yogic and Ayurvedic texts, elaborately describes ways and means to live disease-free, healthy, and happy life.

comment 0
261
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Cycling as a bridge from Health to Environment

This paper covers the health benefits of cycling and how it has a positive impact on the environment. It examines the Dutch model of the development of cycling, how it may be adapted to Indian conditions, and help to overcome the barriers to cycling, in the Indian context.

comment 0
275
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Strategies for increase the contribution of Women in Nation Building

This study starts with an Indian benchmark method of the Vedic era that was used to ensure equality and women's contribution to nation-building. Subsequently, the existing practices and policies have been reviewed for gaps. 

comment 0
367
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Self-Help Groups in achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Case Study Analysis

The transformation of the lives of rural women towards their betterment is a critical issue in the development process of countries around the world. Poverty, lack of financial awareness, minimal or no education, and women's disempowerment are reasons for the poor condition of rural women.

comment 0
231
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Inclusive Leadership among Working Women with Disabilities

The concept of inclusion has transcended its status as a social construct and has drawn significant attention from organisational practitioners and scholars.

comment 0
211
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Transition for Ancient Indian Education System to National Education Policy

This paper delineates the significance of education for the growth and development of human being. Indeed, educational attainment is associated with many diverse social outcomes.

comment 0
368
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Education in Building Next Generation Leadership and Youth Entrepreneurship

In this VUCA world, changes are taking place at a very high pace. Development of new technologies has created cut throat competition among organizations which require ever-evolving leaders to manage disruption efficiently. 

comment 0
288
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governing Higher Education in Jammu and Kashmir

Education is the essential part of any development as it is a means of social improvement and material wellbeing, especially for the economically and socially backward people. 

comment 0
504
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Perform, Reform and Transform: Driving the Change

The nation's attitude toward development and growth has altered as a result of policy pronouncements that are mixed with decision that are quite reformative. 

comment 0
325
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governance: Then and Now in India

Governance in India has evolved significantly over the years. Here's a brief overview of governance in India, comparing the past and the present.

comment 0
649
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Policy Initiatives in India

Digital Transformation and E-Government: Through the "Digital India" project, India has made tremendous progress in modernizing government services and information.

comment 0
322
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Shifting the Paradigm for Good Governance

In India, the procedure of shifting the paradigm for good governance has been dynamic and continuing. A notion known as "good governance" includes a number of rules and procedures designed to guarantee the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of governmental institutions.

comment 0
349
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Reform Phase: An Attempt for a New Nation

India undertook substantial reforms in a number of areas of its economy, society, and government after achieving independence from British domination in 1947.

comment 0
278
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administration of Independent India

Administration of independent India drewn many transformations to get away from British colonial administration that propagates the colonial need such as maintenance of law and order, collection of revenue, tactics to hold the administrative power in British civil servants. 

comment 0
176
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governance: The Journey, the Transformation

The twenty-first century should be an era of new forms of Governance different from what we have seen in the past. Due to widespread economic problems and fiscal constraints in the 1980's, governments around the world both rich and poor, concluded that government had become too big, too costly and ineffective. 

comment 0
243
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Good Governance: Serving the People

Good governance implies service to the people. Government’s task is to govern in a way that optimizes the development and welfare of its citizens. Measure of Good governance is how far the government is able to improve the quality of life of its people.

comment 0
280
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
New Paradigms of Governance

The concept of ‘governance’ is not new. It is as old as human civilization. It has over the years gained momentum and a wider meaning. Apart from being an instrument of public affairs management, or a gauge of political development, governance has become a useful mechanism to enhance the legitimacy of the public realm.

comment 0
341
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP) A Portable Initiative by the Government of Haryana for Welfare Schemes

The family stands as the key social institution in the social structures. The planning echelon in both income and spending are defined only in its context. 

comment 0
1615
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Participatory Forest Management: A Theoretical Analysis

In India, the paradigm of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) is proving to be transformative as it attempts to balance the intricate relationships between sustainable resource utilisation, forest regeneration, and conservation. India, which has about 70 million hectares of forest cover, struggles to meet the socioeconomic demands of the people who depend on the forests while also protecting these ecosystems.

comment 0
510
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Reviving Resilience: Millets as the Climate-Adaptive Crop

A long-term abutting weather situation that is particularly related to temperature and precipitation is called climatic change. Land-use changes, forest fires, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are all possible contributing factors to this Climate shift (Reddy, 2015).

comment 0
889
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Dying Yamuna River in Delhi, India

The Yamuna is a tributary of the holy Ganges. The main stream of the Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier at Bandar Panch (38°59'N, 78°27'E) in the Mussoorie Ranges of the lower Himalayas, at an average altitude of about 6387 meters above sea level in the Uttarkashi district (Uttrakhand) increase.

comment 0
1419
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
India’s Route towards Sustainable Development Goals- A Study of Reproductive Health Rights in India

When the nation moves towards higher standards of development there are several parameters that it needs to take care, not forgetting one of the crucial ones being the health of its citizens.

comment 0
331
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Catalyzing Sustainable Paradigm: Enabling Responsible Tourism through Local Self-Government in the Kanthalloor Village STREET Project

The paper identifies the STREET project as a sustainable model for enabling responsible tourism principles and practices with local self-governance as the implementation body.

comment 0
379
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Need of Statutory Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority for Better Transport Governance: A Case of Mumbai Metropolitan Region

The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments brought an overhaul in public administration by empowering rural and urban local governance. 

comment 0
449
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Decentralisation of Health Services in India: Perceptions of Service Users and Service Providers with Special Reference to Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan

The study focused on assessing the two frameworks in context of Decentralisation of Health Services in Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan viz. perceptions of service users and, service providers.

comment 0
264
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Swachh Bharat Mission: A Model for Good Governance and National Transformation

Governance is an age-old concept and it is all about making decisions and getting things done (UCLG, 2021). It happens at every level like countries, businesses, and even in smaller communities. 

comment 0
712
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Revolutionizing Health Policies in India: A New Paradigm

India's healthcare system has long been a subject of concern due to its inadequate infrastructure, limited access to quality healthcare, and stark disparities in health outcomes. 

comment 0
926
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Healthcare Opportunities for Right to Health in India

Right to health is primarily not just a call for consigning legal status of a human aspiration. It has much more to do with the civilisational preference of a nation state.

comment 0
651
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Trajectories to Good Governance: A Study of Select Gram Sabha in Pullur Periya Gram Panchayat, Kasaragod District, Kerala

Gram Sabha represents the fundamental unit of local governance. It acts as the integral component of the Panchayati Raj system, embodying the essence of participatory governance.

comment 0
499
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Transforming Governance: The Remarkable Journey of the Aspirational District Programme to Citizen Centric Governance

The Aspirational District Programme (ADP), launched by Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi in January 2018, represents a significant policy initiative aimed at transforming governance in the country's most underdeveloped districts.

comment 0
982
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Good Governance through E – Governance in India (with reference to State of Jharkhand)

The concept of governance is not new. It is as old as human civilisation. Civilisation is the characteristic of the people. It is one of the things that set human beings apart from the other species

comment 0
1156
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Judicial Administration in Relation with Information Technology

With his utopian yearning for a paganised unified globe devoid of all the limitations and boundaries that afflict our unreal world, Lennon scarcely considered the "Internet.

comment 2
257
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Curbing Corruption Through the Use of Communication Technology: An Indian Scanerio

Corruption is a complex socio-economic problem which universally affects all societies. The government being a large-scale organisation is also not immune to it. 

comment 0
503
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governometrics of Public Administration in Delivering the Right Based Electronic Public Services: An Analytical Perspective of North Western Region

The issue of governance has received serious attention of researchers, policy makers, administrators and the national as well as international community. The New Public Management (NPM) concept is focused on service, quality, performance management and risk management of governance processes. 

comment 0
317
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Common Service Centres (CSCs) and Public Service Delivery: An Empirical Analysis of E – Mitra in Jaipur District, Rajasthan

The government provides services including healthcare, education, social support, and financial inclusion to the public. However, villagers and citizens in remote areas often struggle to access these services due to several constraints including inadequate infrastructure and inaccessibility. 

comment 0
641
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Digital Governance: Challenges and Strategies in the Digital Era

Digital governance, in the context of the digital era, involves the use of information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance and transform the delivery of public services, improve government efficiency, and engage citizens in decision-making processes. 

comment 0
1897
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Empowering Farmers in Digital India: An Empirical Analysis of the Implementation and Effectiveness of E – Governance Initiatives in Agriculture

Since the majority of India's population relies on agriculture for their living, the sector dominates the country's economy.  Agriculture only makes up less than 20 per cent of the nation's GDP (Ministry of Finance, 2018), emphasizing the sector's low-income production.

comment 0
838
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Right to Services through E – Governance: Redefining the Public Service

The 21st century has ushered in an era of rapid technological advancement, fundamentally altering how governments interact with their citizens.

comment 0
556
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Stakeholder perception, technology adoption and policy priorities in Indian healthcare – A systematic analysis

Healthcare is an essential aspect of any society, and in India, it holds a unique place due to its immense population and diverse healthcare needs.

comment 0
456
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Understanding Digital financial literacy and its role in financial behaviour and financial well being

E-commerce and digital technology have transformed the way people spend and save. There is an evident technological growth in the world of finance which is referred to as financial technology or fintech. Financial technology (Fintech) refers to the technological innovations that assist in enabling or improving the access to financial services digitally through the internet, smartphones or computers. 

comment 0
926
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Reimagining Social Equity in Indian Public Administration: Interrogating the discipline and beyond

The origin of ‘Social Equity’ in Public Administration can be legitimately traced to 1968 Minnowbrook Conference that brought together young minds in public administration.

comment 0
237
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Human Rights in 21st Century

Resumption of hostilities meant “hell on Earth has returned to Gaza. The resumption of hostilities is catastrophic.”

comment 0
364
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Regulator in Governance: Case Study of Reserve Bank of India in Safeguarding Consumer Interest

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), as India's central bank and regulatory authority, plays a pivotal role in shaping public administration and governance in the country. 

comment 0
437
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Regulatory Governance in India- Emerging Dimensions

Today we are living in an era of the ‘regulatory state’.  The expressions ‘regulation’, ‘regulatory governance’ and ‘regulatory institutions’ have become the buzzwords of governance and are  spread across social systems as well as state organisations and government strategies. 

comment 0
435
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governance of Higher Education in India

Governance is defined as structures and processes of decision-making through which performance and accountability is ensured in the organisations.

comment 0
254
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
How has Planning Evolved with the Introduction of the Gram Panchayat Development Plan In Karnataka? – A Process Level Analysis

Participatory planning involves the intensive participation of local communities in analysing their current situation, envisioning a long-term collective future and attempting to attain this vision through collective planning of development interventions that would be implemented by different state agencies area.

comment 0
333
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
The Role of Backward Class Women Leaders in Rural Development

Since centuries backward class women were politically, economically, socially and educationally oppressed. They were deprived of their basic rights and needs.

comment 0
312
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Impact of Citizen Participation in Local Governance: with Special reference of Himachal Pradesh

Local governance is the cornerstone of democracy, where communities come together to make decisions that directly affect their daily lives.

comment 0
452
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Role of Indian Judiciary in Promoting Accountable and Responsive Administration

Intrinsically, India is a republican country that is organised as a federation with a parliamentary democracy. Similar to the United Kingdom, the President serves as the head of state in name only; in contrast, the Prime Minister is the de facto executive, or real head of the government.

comment 0
276
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Mission Karmayogi

India is rapidly integrating technology in both governance and in delivering goods and services. All this requires a worker (civil servant) who is not just committed but also has the competence to deliver on this evolving mandate. 

comment 0
430
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
The Ethics of Co-designing Public Services in India

The civic engagement is an important hall mark of democracy. Ours has been one of the oldest and richest democratic traditions that have involved people in matters of public policy.

comment 0
180
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Ethical Dimensions in Public Administration: Navigating Challenges, Embracing Opportunities

With over eight thousand years of experience and intellectual growth (Cameron (1968), Edwards (Gadd, 1971), Hammond (1971), Eisenstadt (1963, 1993), Olmstead ( 1948), etc.), public administration has undergone numerous changes and transformations over its long history, but it has never been so challenged as in the last thirty years.

comment 0
163
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Policy Initiatives for Public Grievances Redressal: Steps towards Responsive & Accountable Governance

Good Governance is the key to a Nation’s progress and an important step towards it is the simplification of procedures and processes in the Government so as to make the entire system transparent and faster. 

comment 0
239
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Separation of Power: A Disputed Territory

The theory of separation of powers constitutes a key tenet of democratic governance.

comment 0
400
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Politics of Freebies: People-Centric or Anti-Development?

In recent years, the widespread practice of offering freebies, ranging from subsidised goods and services to outright giveaways, has become a prominent feature in economic policies worldwide.

comment 0
553
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public-Centric Administration: Current Temporary Efforts and Possibilities of a Permanent System

From the study of the principles of origin of the state, it is concluded that the state has originated to make human life easier and this function of the state has been there every time.

comment 0
177
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Cooperative Federalism in India: Expectation and Challenges

India, is the world's largest democracy, with a population of 1.48 billion people. Its vast population and the ethnic diversity of its people, languages and cultural traditions make its federal structure necessary for nation.

comment 0
646
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Advancing Governance Paradigms in the Modern Era

A paradigm represents a framework, viewpoint, or collection of concepts that serves as a lens for understanding various subjects. In disciplines like science and philosophy, paradigms encompass specific theories, methodologies, and principles defining valid contributions within a field. 

comment 0
273
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Contemporary Trends in Public Administration: Focus on E - Governance

The field of public administration is experiencing a dramatic and rapid change. Locally and globally, some of the most significant trends that will have the role and function of public administrators is rapidly evolving as the needs and demands of citizens, governments and organisations influence their ability to create and implement policies.

comment 0
344
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Administration and Citizen Centric Governance

“Today, I would like to make a request to the bureaucracy of India, to every government employee, be it in the State Government or the Central Government.

comment 0
266
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Introduction

Public administration in the 21st century is undergoing significant transformation, not just in advanced countries but also in various regions of the developing world, as the calls for transformative change grow louder. These changes are propelled by globalisation, liberalisation and the diversification of service provision.

comment 1
282
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS – LESSONS AND EXPERIENCES 2019-2023

Technology has immense potential to bring government and citizens closer. Today technology has become a powerful tool to empower citizens as well as a medium to optimize transparency and accountability in day-to-day functioning. 

comment 0
443
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Address at the Inaugural Ceremony of Good Governance Week

I am extremely honoured for having given this opportunity to present the initiatives taken by Uttar Pradesh, to achieve the vision of Good Governance.

comment 0
440
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Financial Management in India: Institutions, Instruments and Innovations in a Federal Polity

Financial management constitutes the cornerstone of modern democratic governance, determining not only the allocative priorities of the state but also the operational credibility of public institutions.

comment 0
624
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Techniques of Administrative Improvement

In an era where administrative agility defines the efficacy of democratic governance, this chapter, “Techniques of Administrative Improvement”, offers a comprehensive exploration of transformative tools, methods, and strategies that are reshaping public administration in India and globally.

comment 0
728
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Significant Issues in Public Administration

This chapter presents an overview of specific significant issues in public administration: Values in Public Service, Regulatory Commissions in India, National Human Rights Commission and Problems of Administration in India. 

comment 0
2240
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Urban local/Municipal Governance: Main Features, Structures, Finance and Problem Areas

This document cover brief and pointed framework of the detailed process of urban local /municipal governance in India with special reference to main features, structure, finance and problem/attention areas. 

comment 0
2133
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administrative Reforms in India Since Independence

One of the most common public initiatives of all governments worldwide has been administrative reform. In response to the challenges posed by the political and socioeconomic environments, every country aims to improve its administrative systems. 

comment 0
3930
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Civil Services

The rapid pace and interdependence of global, political, social and economic developments have necessitated a critical need for improved efficiency and effective public institutions, administrative procedures and sound financial management to confront challenges for sustainable development in all countries.

comment 0
1657
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
State Government and Administration in India: Theory, Policy, and Practice

India's governance framework is fundamentally federal, characterized by a division of powers between the Union government and the State governments. 

comment 0
3250
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Plans and Priorities for Economic Development and Social Justice in India

India’s journey since independence has been defined by its commitment to creating a just, equitable, and economically strong nation. 

comment 0
1772
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Union Government and Administration

The Parliament of India, comprising the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and President, serves as the supreme legislative body and cornerstone of Indian democracy.

comment 0
2573
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
The Impact of Khelo India: A Case Study of Churu District

In a nation as diverse and vibrant as India, the potential for sports to transform lives is immense. Sports are not merely a form of entertainment; they are a powerful catalyst for personal growth, community cohesion, and national pride.

comment 0
1396
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Improving the Training System for Civil Servants in the Kyrgyz Republic

This paper examines changes in the existing model of training civil servants in the context of the personnel policy pursued in the Kyrgyz Republic since 2021.

comment 0
309
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Sector Undertakings: Public Sector in Modern India

Public Sector Undertakings: Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.

comment 1
1500
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Mission Youth in J&K: A Critical Analysis of PM Mission Youth in Shopian and Pulwama

The region of Jammu and Kashmir has long been characterized by a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, socio-economic challenges, and cultural diversity. 

comment 0
976
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
A Journey Towards Antyodaya to Sarvodaya

This paper examines the philosophical foundations and practical applications of Antyodaya and Sarvodaya in Indian socio-political thought.

comment 0
2068
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Change in Forms of Governance: Lessons from Public Administration in the Kyrgyz Republic

The text outlines the reasons and consequences of constitutional reforms in the organization of state power in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2021.

comment 0
259
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Evolution of Indian Administration and Philosophical & Constitutional framework of Government

The evolution of Indian administration reflects a historical continuum shaped by civilizational values and transformative changes. Spanning the Mauryan, Mughal, and British eras, each phase contributed distinct institutional structures and governance philosophies. 

comment 0
3213
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Khelo India Scheme: A Study of Sports Infrastructure in Delhi Metropolis

“The image of a country is not just about economic and military strength. The soft face of a country also makes a difference. 

comment 0
2040
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Yamuna: Navigating the Intersection of Culture and Conservation

This paper investigates the profound transformation of the Yamuna River in India, tracing its evolution from a physical resource to "Yamuna Maiya," a revered maternal deity.

comment 0
663
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
From Developmental State to Innovative Inclusive State Insights from Korea for Sustainable Development in Transitional Economies

Since 1945, Korea has been regarded as a representative developmental state that achieved rapid economic growth. However, democratisation in 1987 and IMF crisis in 1997 revealed the limitations of the traditional developmental state model.

comment 0
394
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Financial Administration and Management in India

Understanding the distinction between financial administration and management is crucial for comprehending how government finances are structured and managed, ensuring both accountability and efficiency in the use of public funds. 

comment 0
1431
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Seamless End-to-End Service Delivery by New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC)

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed the landscape of public administration, giving rise to e-governance as a pivotal approach for enhancing government-citizen interactions.

comment 0
348
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Sarvodaya Se Antyodaya through Inclusive Education Policy

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant transformation in India's education system, replacing the NPE 1986 with a more inclusive, holistic, and multidisciplinary approach. 

comment 0
416
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governance and Characteristics of Anti- Corruption Policy in Korea and Mongolia

As an initial output of the joint research between the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA) and the National Academy of Governance (NAOG), this article provides overviews of the Korean and Mongolian legislative environment, governance and characteristics of the anti-corruption policies.

comment 0
367
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Techniques of Administrative Improvement

Administrative improvement is a strategic necessity in a fast-paced world. Techniques like O&M, Work Study, management aid tools such as network analysis form the cornerstone of efficient governance. MIS, PERT, and CPM tools equip administrators with the ability to anticipate challenges, and drive organizational success in an increasingly complex environment.

comment 0
1
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
PM Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi (SVANIDHI) Yojana and its Implementation: A Case Study of Varanasi

Street vendors are an integral part of the urban informal economy in India, providing essential goods and service that cater to the diverse needs of city residents. They operate in various capacities, from food vendors to artisans, and play a crucial role in enhancing the vibrancy and accessibility of urban life.

comment 0
1475
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Communication in India’s Growth: Navigating the Digital Age

This paper examines the critical role of communication in driving India's economic growth within the context of its diverse societal structure and the rapidly evolving information age. It argues that effective communication is not merely a tool for disseminating information but a fundamental force shaping development trajectories.

comment 0
872
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Mongolian Civil Service and Human Resource Management: Reforms and Challenges

This article outlines the stages of civil service reform in Mongolia and evaluates the specific activities implemented during each stage, along with their characteristics and outcomes.

comment 0
624
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Policy

One often wonders ‘what the government does’ and ‘why the government does what it does’ and equally importantly ‘what it does not do and why so’. According to Thomas R. Dye “public policy is whatever government chooses to do or not to do”, implying that government's actions and inactions both come into the realm of public policy. 

comment 0
1341
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Mission Ragi and Economic Benefits to Farmers - A Case Study of Gumla District

Millets, often referred to as "smart grains," have been integral to traditional diets in India for centuries. Among these, Ragi (finger millet) stands out due to its exceptional nutritional profile and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions.

comment 0
922
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Reimagining Sarvodaya for Contemporary Challenges

Amidst escalating climate crises, technological upheavals, and growing socioeconomic disparities, this paper delves into the timeless relevance of Gandhian Sarvodaya ("universal welfare") as a guiding framework for tackling 21st-century issues.

comment 0
712
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administrative Reform in Mongolia: Stages, Lessons Learned

This paper aims to present insights, results, and stages of administrative reform in Mongolia over the past 30 years.

comment 0
306
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Personnel Administration

In the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) world public servants' expectations are growing day by day that range from e-governance and citizen-centric delivery to maintaining constitutional morality.

comment 0
1583
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Har Ghar Jal' Scheme: A Comparative Study of Kancheepuram and Pudukkottai Districts

Access to safe drinking water is not merely a fundamental human right; it is a cornerstone of public health, economic development, and social equity. In rural India, where water scarcity and inadequate infrastructure pose significant challenges, the quest for reliable water supply becomes even more critical.

comment 0
492
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Democratising Finance: India's Path to Inclusive Banking

This paper explores the growing inclusiveness of India's banking sector, tracing its transition from a primarily government-controlled model to a more open and technologically advanced system.

comment 0
349
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Civil Service Training and Development: Historical Aspects and Challenges

This paper outlines the century-long history of Mongolia’s civil service training institution, the National Academy of Governance (NAOG), which plays a crucial role in meeting the contemporary needs of training and developing human resources within the civil service sector.

comment 0
466
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Development Dynamics : Building Inclusive and Sustainable Development

India stands at a crucial juncture in its quest for inclusive development that will bring prosperity across the spectrum. Large amounts of public funds are spent to address these issues, but their implementation and the quality of services delivered leave much to be desired.

comment 0
440
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
One Nation One Ration Card: Impact Assessment in Rural India

The "One Nation One Ration Card" (ONORC) scheme, launched in 2020 under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), represents a transformative shift in India's public distribution system (PDS). 

comment 0
4483
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Communication: The Missing Catalyst in India's Growth

India has committed to achieving developed nation status by the centenary of its independence, leveraging cutting-edge technologies including AI tapping into its vast human capital, and implementing policies that foster high growth while addressing enduring social and economic inequalities.

comment 0
487
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Political Value and Tradition of Mongolian Civil Service

This article explores the value and statehood of Mongolia by utilising Woodrow Wilson’s categorisation of “Judging by the constitutional histories of the chief nations of the modern world, there may be three periods of growth through which government has passed in all the most highly developed of existing systems, and through which it promises to pass in all the rest. 

comment 0
406
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Comparative Public Administration

Comparative public Administration focuses on comparing administrative structures, procedures, policy-making organs, the role of bureaucracy in different countries, the political executive, and control over bureaucracy.

comment 4
4375
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Comprehensive Study on Inclusive Education and Project PATHA

Education stands as the bedrock of human development, a force capable of unlocking individual potential and driving societal transformation.

comment 0
437
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Talent: Catalyst for India's Economic Ascendancy

This paper examines India's economic trajectory through the lens of its demographic dividend a substantial youth population exceeding 50% under age 25 within its 1.4 billion citizens. While this demographic advantage offers unprecedented economic potential, its promise is threatened by systemic challenges including inadequate education access, limited skill development, and employment scarcity, particularly in rural areas.

comment 0
477
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
The Federal Ministerial Bureaucracy, the Legislative Process and Better Regulation

Over the last decades, Better Regulation has become a major reform topic at the federal and-in some cases-also at the Länder level.

comment 0
367
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administrative Law

Remarkable technological and scientific progress has made the modern democratic State not a mere watch-dog or a police institution but an active participant interfering in almost every sphere of individual and corporate life in society in the changed role of a service state and a welfare state

comment 0
2665
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Enhancing Quality Education through Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: A Case Study on Inclusive Education in Chitrakoot District

Education has long been recognized as a cornerstone for societal transformation, serving as a powerful catalyst for economic growth, social cohesion, and the reduction of inequalities.

comment 0
437
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
India’s Health Equity: Challenges and Global Insights

This paper explores India's journey towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and health for all, focusing on the challenges and strategies for integrating marginalized groups into the healthcare system.

comment 0
753
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Major Challenges Associated with Reform and Innovation of Leadership Training and Development (Ltd), and Some Proposed Solutions: Reflections on Ltd Practices of CELAP

Since the reform and opening up, China’s leadership training has experienced three stages of development: the initial stage of leadership training and development in the early period of China’s reform and opening up to the world (1978-2002), the rapid growing stage of leadership training and development in the period of fast growing economy and society (2002- 2012) and the innovative…

comment 0
376
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Accountability and Control

Accountability and control are essential for efficient, ethical administration in public and private sectors. Accountability ensures officials answer for actions and resource use, while control involves mechanisms to monitor compliance with laws and goals, promoting responsibility and preventing misconduct. 

comment 0
1715
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Sotto Gujarat-Study of Enabling Factors in Deceased Organ Donation

Organ transplantation emerged as a critical intervention for patients suffering from end-stage organ failure, offering them a renewed chance at life. 

comment 0
447
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
From Clinic to Community: Empowering Rural India

Healthcare in rural India presents unique challenges and opportunities. While global health metrics emphasize indicators like life expectancy, mortality rates, and healthcare infrastructure, they often fail to capture the socio-cultural nuances of rural communities

comment 0
414
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Small Steps to Big Achievements: Innovative Practice of “Internet Plus” Government Service of Local Government in China

The “Internet plus” government service reform in China has progressed through three stages, namely one-stop service, one-window service, and companion service. This reform has become a significant example of reshaping the relationship between the local government and the public.

comment 0
344
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Organisations

An organisation is a group of two or more people working to achieve a common objective. The objectives of the organisation can be achieved through different theories. 

comment 5
421
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Planning and Implementation of Cowin Platform into National Covid-19 Vaccination Programme

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in late 2019, has profoundly impacted global health systems, economies, and societies. 

comment 0
938
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Antyodaya: An Indo-American Perspective

This paper explores the evolution of Indian welfare philosophy from Gandhi's nonviolent resistance to contemporary governance. It traces how the sacrifices of Indian revolutionaries fostered Sarvodaya and Antyodaya ideals, examining the philosophical underpinnings of these concepts in Advaita and dualistic traditions.

comment 0
415
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Online Education and Community Participation in Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities to Ensure Inclusive Learning During COVID-19 School Closure

Like most other countries around the world, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh's education system has undergone a radical change from the beginning of March 2020 onwards. The study attempts to analyse teachers’, students’ and parents’ perceptions and experiences about the online education in the COVID-19 pandemic at the school level.

comment 0
414
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administrative Behaviour

Administrative Behaviour is a fundamental area of public administration that focuses on comprehending how people behave in groups and within organizations to accomplish shared objectives. 

comment 0
885
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Innovative Health Services in Latur: A Study of Primary Health Care Center Transformations

Health is a fundamental human right and a critical indicator of development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of ensuring health and well-being for all individuals. A key objective of this agenda is to guarantee favorable health outcomes, underscored by the endorsement of a new declaration during the Global Conference on Primary Health Care held in Astana,…

comment 0
385
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Transforming India: Policy Levers for Sustainable, Inclusive Growth

Despite its remarkable economic ascent, India's trajectory towards sustainable and inclusive prosperity is threatened by persistent economic inequalities, demographic pressures, governance constraints, and environmental degradation. 

comment 0
1860
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Realisation of Sustainable Development Goals Through Panchayati Raj Institutions

In this article, published reports have been used for analysing state-wise status of SDGs achievements and their correlations with attainments in areas of poverty-reduction and other developmental indicators. Also, progress made by GPs on various metrics related to SDGs has been corroborated with other relevant metrics

comment 0
446
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Institutional Dynamics of Governance Reform in India (1991–2016)

Loss of governance reform efficacy is an identified entrenched institutional problem in systems. Reform, anywhere, is a sticky material because holders of powers and their cronies have rarely shown altruistic intentions of relaxing their profiteering grips over resources.

comment 0
553
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Executive Summary

National Commission for Women (NCW) has entrusted the task to conduct a study on ‘Evaluation of the Impact of Mission Shakti in Women Empowerment in KBK Districts of Odisha’ to Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. 

comment 0
128
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Theme Paper on ‘One Nation, One Election’

"Democracy' and 'free and fair election' are inseparable. Elections are the centerpiece of democracy; it is difficult to visualize democracy without elections. Ensuring free and fair elections is the first prerequisite for the success of democratic process.

comment 0
1693
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Lateral Entry In Civil Services: Balancing the Demands for ‘Specialists’ and the Imperatives of ‘Social Justice’

The practice of bringing domain experts into the government is not new to India.

comment 0
1300
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Is the Idea of India’s One Nation, One Election A Miracle or A Disaster?

On September 1, 2023, a committee headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind explored the possibility of something called One Nation, One Election in India and ever since this thing has come out in public, political parties all across the country have been fuming with anger. 

comment 0
4661
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
India's Endeavor towards Zero Hunger SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 2: Zero Hunger

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. 

comment 0
1695
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Collaborative Governance: The Indian Experience

This paper examines various initiatives taken by Government of India to promote collaborative governance in various sectors. With increasing needs and aspirations of the community for public services and the limited capacity of government to provide the same, the involvement of various stakeholders to deliver these services becomes important and necessity. 

comment 0
767
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Aspirational District Programme (ADP): A Comparative Study of Holistic Development in Baramulla and Bastar Districts

In the vast and diverse landscape of India, regional disparities in development have long posed significant challenges to achieving equitable growth and social justice. Recognizing the urgent need to address these disparities, the Government of India launched the Aspirational Districts Programme in January 2018. 

comment 0
2053
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Administrative Thought

A dynamic interaction between the recognition of human complexity in organizations and the pursuit of structural efficiency has shaped the evolution of administrative philosophy. The foundational works of Frederick W. Taylor, Max Weber, Mary Parker Follett, Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, Rensis Likert, Chris Argyris, and Douglas McGregor are critically examined in this essay, which charts the shift from traditional administrative…

comment 0
835
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
New Challenges in Capacity Building of Civil Servants in Public Administration in India

In India, National Training Policy was formed in 2012, replacing the old policy of 1996. This was needed two reasons, new areas of administration given in the reports of second administrative reforms commission setup in 2005 and changing environment in different spheres of governance and new challenges of administration being faced by the civil servants.

comment 0
1169
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
From Back Office to Boardroom - The Service Sector Leap

India's emergence as a global services powerhouse in the 21st century marks a profound and transformative shift. This evolution, far from a mere economic change, is a strategic leap driven by its demographic dividend, technological advancements, and the burgeoning global demand for specialized services.

comment 0
490
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Excellence in Administration

Public administration, as the executive arm of the state, has tremendous responsibilities to match the needs and aspirations of the citizens of the state. The systems have evolved over the years in almost every country as the politico and socio-economic environment of the respective country have changed. 

comment 0
478
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Administration: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance

Public administration is the cornerstone of modern governance. It refers to the organization, management, and implementation of government policies and programs, carried out by public officials and institutions. As a vital mechanism of the state, public administration not only ensures the effective delivery of services to citizens but also upholds the principles of accountability, transparency, and rule of law.

comment 2
53679
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Tribal Development through Evidence-based Policy

Tribal Sustainable Development through Evidence-based Policy and Planning: A major issue in post-Independence India has been a misreading of demands of tribal communities. What they have been demanding pertains to choice upholding their traditions and customs and having ownership over natural resources

comment 0
1562
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
The Revenge of Geography

As the Idiom of technological advancement takes its toll. The paper highlights a few poignant and emerging factors in the International Relations theorization. It was conservatively maintained by the defense strategists and the political leadership across the Global polity that foreign policy and the Diplomacy are greatly determined by the “given” of Geography and terrain

comment 0
457
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Trinity of Citizen, Society and State

With the deepening of democracy, increased decentralisation, increasing social and political awareness, digital penetration, shifts in demography, demand for quality services by common citizens has been accelerating at a faster pace. In such a scenario, the role of State is critical for promoting equity in access to services. 

comment 0
360
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Reimagining Institutions

"Accelerating India's Development" holistically looks at India’s growth trajectory since gaining independence – it rounds up all where it has done well including unity, upholding the integrity of its constitution, retaining democratic values at its core. It also does not mince words to convey where all the nation has faltered such as falling short in delivery of public services including…

comment 0
335
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Income & Employment Intensive Growth Agenda

Income and Employment Intensive Growth Agenda for India: The paper examines income and employment status in the Indian labour force to identify policy attention and follow up. The macroeconomic policies taken during last one decade are yielding positive results leading to expansion of manufacturing and services and structural transformation in the economy.

comment 0
451
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Social Security: Reality & Reforms

An Analysis of India's Social Welfare Programs: In a democracy, the state's role is to promote societal welfare. According to Aristotle, the state should not only ensure its survival but also improve the quality of life for its citizens. The state has a moral responsibility to its citizens. Modern views agree that the state should provide essential services like education,…

comment 0
666
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Digital Innovations in Social Protection

Digital Innovations in Social Protection: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions: The integration of digital technologies into social protection systems represents a transformative shift with profound implications for the delivery of welfare services. This chapter explores the evolving landscape of digital innovations in social protection, contextualising these developments within the broader framework of universal social protection and a systemic approach to welfare.

comment 0
561
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Justice Delivery: Issues and Prospects

Access to justice is a fundamental tenet of the rule of law. It is paramount to enable people to exercise their rights, confront prejudice, make their voices heard, and hold decision-makers responsible. 

comment 0
1482
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Policing: Reality & Reforms

One of the most crucial aspects of our society is law enforcement, which deals with issues of law and order nationwide. It is an essential component of the state's legal system. The British government introduced a Police Act in 1861, which is still very relevant and based on policing. 

comment 0
2780
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Health & Nutrition Security

India’s Vision for 2047 aims to transform the nation into a developed country, with healthcare being pivotal for this progress. Achieving universal health coverage and modernising healthcare infrastructure are essential for fostering a healthy productive population, which in turn drives economic growth and reduces poverty. 

comment 0
386
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
School Education & Building Blocks

Several challenges linger in the Indian education system, like rote learning, the non-existence of practical skills among students, and disparities in access to quality education. To deal with the criticism for excessive curriculum and unreasonable focus on rote learning, this chapter examines the strategies comprising the building blocks to reform Indian schools. 

comment 1
2018
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Social Development and State Effectiveness

Social development is expected to promote holistic improvement of individuals, institutions and their surrounding environments. Looking at the pace of development in India, the economy of most states requires strategic prioritization to accelerate improved well-being of the people. Accessibility to health, school education and public security are critical to the edifice of social development. 

comment 0
339
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Federal Finance and Macro Economic Management

India is the largest democracy in the world inhabited by about 1.36 billion people over an area of 3287 thousand square kilometers according to an estimate for 2021 based on Census 2011. The Indian economy is characterised as a middle-income emerging market economy. In the last three decades the economy has faced three major crises, i.e., balance of payment crisis…

comment 0
986
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Public Service Delivery

Neoliberal policies pursued by India since 1990s have created a space for private enterprises hitherto occupied by the state entities, unshackled the existing enterprises and introduced reforms to facilitate private initiative. This chapter looks into the ecosystem of the private sector in general and the developments in three specific sectors- urban mobility, water supply and housing, to draw lessons for…

comment 0
970
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Strategic Human Resource

This Chapter highlights the gradual transformation from Personnel Administration to Strategic Human Resource Management over the years in Government of India. However, there is still a long way to go. In this Chapter an attempt has been made to delineate the criticality to move towards Strategic HRM in Government of India to achieve India’s developmental goals.

comment 0
534
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Local Self-Governments

In the Amrit Kaal (golden period) of independent India, the ‘citizen first’ approach guides public governance by deepening the outreach of service delivery mechanism so that international standards could be achieved in India@100.  The goal can only be achieved by all inclusive governance involving stronger and effective local self-governments both panchayats and municipalities.

comment 0
5194
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Creative Bureaucracy

In modern societies, with the increasing role of the state in social and economic fields, emphasis on the quality of its governance is of prime concern to all. Indian bureaucratic system of governance is founded on the principle of rule of law, as the state power is divided amongst three chief organs, each has the its own quality under a…

comment 0
991
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Governance and Electoral Politics

This paper discusses the concept of good governance and its relations with the electoral politics in Indian context. It highlights the various strategies employed by the government and related agencies for the growth and development of the country. Major reforms pertaining to the country’s infrastructure, IT, administration, economy and public services are a few areas that have been explored in…

comment 0
544
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Sankalp of Viksit Bharat

With the Indian government’s vision to transform India into a developed nation by 2047, marking hundred years of independence, it has become of highest importance to learn from the past, tenaciously work in the present and step towards the future with complete efficiency. In its 77 years of becoming a democracy, India has soared high with continuous transformations marked by both…

comment 0
1262
IIPA into Governance & Polity
...
Viksit Path: Kartavya Path

The vision of Viksit Bharat can be realised through Viksit States, and that the aspiration of Viksit Bharat should reach the grassroot level i.e. to each district, block, and village. For this, each State and District should create a vision for 2047 so as to realise Viksit Bharat @ 2047.

comment 0
935