Public policy is a complex process that consists of a series of decisions that are made by stakeholders and the public. The objective of this Chapter is to provide a brief overview of the current state of the art of public policy.

In the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world, public servants’ expectations are growing daily, ranging from e-governance and citizen-centric delivery to maintaining constitutional morality. The significance of personnel administration has gone up manifold in recent years than ever before.

India is at a crucial juncture in its quest for inclusive development, which will bring prosperity across the entire spectrum. Large amounts of public funds are spent to address these issues, but their implementation and the quality of delivered services leave much to be desired.

Comparative Public Administration focuses on comparing administrative structures, procedures, policy-making organs, the role of bureaucracy in different countries, the political executive, and control over bureaucracy.

The administrative process has become a necessary evil in all progressive societies, especially in welfare states where the government prepares and oversees numerous programmes for the advancement of society. 

The foundational principles of democratic governance are accountability and control, which ensure that public administration remains transparent, responsible, and answerable to the people.

An organisation is a group of two or more people working to achieve a common objective. The objectives of the organisation can be achieved through different theories. Classical theory, bureaucratic theory, human relation theory, Behavioural theory, and public choice theory are some theories: Systems Theory and Contingency Theory.

Administrative Behaviour is a fundamental area of public administration that focuses on comprehending how people behave in groups and within organisations to accomplish shared objectives.

The dynamic interaction between the recognition of human complexity in organizations and the pursuit of structural efficiency has shaped the evolution of administrative philosophy. 

The cornerstone of modern governance is public administration. It refers to the organisation, management, and implementation of government policies and programmes, carried out by public officials and institutions. 

A need for development is the defining order of the day where in the monograph brings to the fore the various and myriad facets of Public Administration in India and how with the changing tides, the discipline of Public Policy has undergone a transformation.

India at 100 will not be judged by the elegance of its rules but by the ease with which a citizen can live, work, and dream. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing with great speed, scope and scale in the domain of governance.

India’s digital push through PFMS, DBT and GeM has boosted transparency, cut leakages, saved over Rs 4 trillion, and freed funds for growth, innovation and public welfare.

This ancient prayer from our Upanishads embodies not just a spiritual aspiration, but a technological imperative for our AI-driven future. India’s strategy for Artificial Intelligence is based on the principle of AI for All and AI for Social Good.

India’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047,becoming a fully developed, inclusive, and globally respected nation by the centenary of independence rests on achieving digital sovereignty. 

As India moves toward its centennial year of independence, the ambition of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 demands a reorientation of development priorities. Growth measured purely by macroeconomic metrics cannot suffice; the transformation must ensure dignity, inclusion and opportunity at every stratum of society.

The Vision of Vikshit Bharat 2047 has ignited a billion plus dreams. The foundational assumption of consistent economic growth, would largely hinge on our capacity to develop and sustain a robust, enabling and futuristic infrastructure especially in the transport and logistics sector, which is based on a framework of digitally enabled platforms, is aligned to the Sustainable Development Goals and…

As India approaches its centenary of independence in 2047, the vision of a Viksit Bharat a fully developed, inclusive and prosperous nation is a national mission, not a distant aspiration.

Our aspiration of Viksit Bharat by 2047 is intertwined with the goal of having a healthy and productive population. Even as current challenges to health call for continued attention in 2025, newly emerging and anticipated threats to population health must be countered from now on

India's education system is at the crossroads. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a landmark initiative aimed at transforming India's education system to meet the demands of the 21st century. 

Agriculture accounts for approximately 15 % of our GDP. In the agricultur sector Viksit Bharat @ 2047 goal aims to achieve food security, enhance climate resilience, boost rural prosperity, modernization by adoption of technology and sustainable practices and improved market access.

Viksit Bharat 2047 agenda is a comprehensive vision plan by the Government of India to transform India to a developed nation by 2047: the 100th Anniversary of India’s Independence.

India’s vision to emerge as a $30 trillion economy by 2047 presents one of themost ambitious economic development agendas in modern history.

As India approaches its centenary of independence in 2047, in just over two decades, the country could well be among the world’s top three economies, a technological powerhouse and a decisive voice in global business and geopolitics. 

India is at a pivotal moment in its history as it approaches the centenary of its independence in 2047. Viksit Bharat, or a fully developed India, is a transformative national mission rather than just an idealistic catchphrase.

The Advanced Professional Programme in Public Administration (APPPA) is a flagship Executive training programme of Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) sponsored by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoP&T). 

Founded in 1954, Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), a government think tank, has been instrumental in shaping discourse on public administration, policy, and governance in India.

Since its establishment in 1954, the Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) has served as a vital forum for shaping India’s administrative thought and practice. 

Training and development are necessary to improve employies skills and knowledge, boost productivity and efficiency and enhance job satisfaction. 

It was the year 1951-1952 when the first Lok Sabha elections were held in India.The situation at that time, in post-independent nascent Republic of India was not only critical but almost chaotic.

As India approaches its 2047 centennial of independence, the idea of "Viksit Bharat" (Developed India) is gaining prominence in national discussions. This research paper explores how street vendors perceive the PM SVA-Nidhi Scheme and its significance in reaching this objective. 

Education is a key driver of national development, enabling individual empowerment and societal transformation. Despite progress toward universal education in India, significant challenges such as socioeconomic, geographic, and gender disparities continue to limit equitable access to quality learning.

When citizens actively express their views and participate in governance, it drives national progress by aligning government actions with public needs. India has a long history of such participation, dating back to the Vedic era, though it was disrupted by invasions. 

The Freedom Struggle in India witnessed the largest community-led mass movement in modern India, which resulted in emancipation from the British Raj. It also provided the basis for the values & ideals to be enshrined in the framing of the Indian Constitution. 

This article presents a case study on the development of railroads in India during British rule (1845–1924), focusing on the unique relationship between ownership and control that gave rise to freestanding companies stand-alone firms based on foreign direct investment. 

E-transportation is emerging as a game changer in the travel and tourism industry, offering sustainable mobility solutions that reduce carbon emissions while enhancing the overall travel experience. This paper explores its advantages such as smoother journeys, improved access to offbeat destinations, and eco-friendliness alongside challenges like limited charging infrastructure, high costs, range anxiety, and slow technology adoption.

India has the mammoth task of achieving food security with a projected 1.7 billion in 2047. The current paper addresses the role of sustainable agriculture and food systems as catalysts toward achieving this goal. 

It is well well-known fact that Fat self-ignites at 760 Degree celsius. Using this fact, a group of environmentalists has tried an experiment of building Low- low-cost green Crematoriums, which save over 440 kg of wood per cremation (reducing from 500 kg of wood used in open cremation to just 60 kg in green crematoriums). 

The River Saryu revered as sacred in Hindu mythology and deeply associated with the spiritual and cultural heritage of Ayodhya, faces growing environmental challenges due to pollution. 

Ecological issues give birth to environmental discourses on human-nature interaction worldwide, which ultimately reinforce the need for environmental sustainability. In the globalization era, environmental security has become one of the key security issues, especially for the countries in the Global South.

The objective of the study is to analyse the socio-economic impact of the two sewage treatment plants using Cost-Benefit Analysis to compare the costs and benefits of the two plants. The aim is to comprehend the economic, health, environmental, and ecological impact of these sewage treatment plants. 

The study examines today's worldwide issues and explains why we must build systems that both survive and endure perpetually. Our proposal establishes an oversight system that combines economic success with environmental protection and social fairness. 

In India, digital transformation has become a key component of economic and social advancement, which was launched in 2015, profoundly changing how individuals, corporations, and government agencies use technology.

The purpose of this study is to assess the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) program implemented in India for inclusive growth for the people, for overall economic growth, with a changed strategy and approach. 

The article delves into the complexities of insider trading, particularly in the context of circumstantial evidence and evolving technological challenges. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) faces significant hurdles in prosecuting insider trading due to encrypted communications, lack of jurisdiction over extraterritorial offenses, and reliance on indirect evidence. 

General Purpose Technologies (GPTs), such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Cloud Computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), are transforming various sectors, including public administration. These technologies hold the potential to create more efficient, transparent, and citizen-centered government operations.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the District Judiciary has the potential to revolutionize the legal system by increasing efficiency, reducing backlogs, and ensuring access to justice.

This study critically examines the Jhar-Jal Portal, an ambitious state-led digital governance initiative deployed in Jharkhand, India, as an empirical site for exploring the intersection of technological innovation and participatory water governance in the Global South.

Spurred by the national vision of Viksit Bharat @2047, the present study attempts to achieve the goal of presenting a pathway for evidence-based decision-making by conceptualising a framework for building a unified Data Exchange Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), christened by the authors as ‘जिला डेटा मंच’ ( Jila Data Manch, JDM).

Economic empowerment through the creation of income-generation opportunities and livelihood enhancement activities is essential to bring rural women out of poverty and fast-track them on the path to socio-economic development.

Viksit Bharat seeks to convert India into a developed country by 2047, focusing on economic prosperity, social welfare, and sustainable environmental practices. With India nearing its 100th anniversary of independence in 2047, the idea of "Viksit Bharat" (Developed India) is becoming more central to national conversation.

The integration of women into the Indian Defence Forces marks a significant stride toward gender inclusivity and operational efficiency. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities for women in the Indian Armed Forces, focusing on cultural, institutional, and operational barriers that hinder their natural progress.

This paper explores the pivotal role of women in Panchayati Raj governance and rural development in Karnataka, a state known for its socio-cultural diversity and extensive rural landscape.

This study aims to propose systematic, measurable, and actionable frameworks for ensuring ethical decision-making within organizational governance structures. 

Corruption poses a considerable impediment to India's progress, hindering its potential for advancement and affluence. This paper highlights the role of ethical leadership as a fundamental cornerstone in making of a corruption-free Viksit Bharat (Developed India).

After independence in 1947, India adopted the approach of planned development through Five-Year Plans since 1951. First and Second Plans achieved great success, but subsequent Plans could not achieve the intended results due to various reasons.

This paper explores the critical role of leadership in achieving inclusive governance as part of India’s vision for Viksit Bharat 2047, a developed nation by its centenary of independence. 

This paper examines the evolving role of leadership in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), emphasising the need for adaptive and integrative leadership to address the contemporary complexities such as political dynamics, financial and regulatory frameworks; and social and cultural challenges. 

This concluding chapter is not merely recount the findings of the study, but it seeks to synthesizing the key themes to articulate a more holistic understanding of the ancient Indian polity. 

There is a rich body of scholarly and secondary literature on public institutions and markets in ancient India, particularly as documented through regional literature.

The study of ancient India's economic history has often been dominated by two contrasting perspectives. On one hand, there is the image of a largely static, village-based subsistence economy, governed by caste and tradition.

Public institutions in ancient India refer to formal structures and assemblies that governed civic life, regulated societal relationships, enforced laws, and facilitated community welfare.

The ancient Indian society was structured by varna, viz. Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (merchants), and Shudras (laborers); with jati (sub-castes) adding occupational complexity. 

Ancient Indian regional literature describes a wide range of public institutions that combined decentralized participatory governance with centralized monarchy, reflecting moral teachings such as rajadharma (kingly duty) and dharma (righteous duty). 

Public policy in ancient India was not only crafted by emperors and royal councils but also shaped by regional practices, local texts, and community-based traditions. 

The study of public administration in ancient India is a journey through a web of administrative institutions, cultural values, ethical precepts, and social practices that were both remarkably diverse and profoundly interconnected. 

Social media in the  21st  century has become one of the most transformative phenomena,  that reshapes the way individuals communicate, organize, and perceive the world around  them. 

This sentiment lies at the heart of ease of living. The concept of ease of living has emerged as a vital yardstick to judge whether growth translates into better lives. It goes beyond GDP numbers, probing how easily a student reaches school, how safely a woman returns home at night, how affordably a family accesses water, healthcare and housing.

The measure of a nation’s progress is no longer captured in the rise and fall of its GDP. It is written instead in the rhythms of daily life: whether families feel secure in their homes, whether clean water runs from a tap, whether old age comes with dignity, and whether young people believe the future holds opportunity.

The hallmark of any criminal justice system rests on some key robust principles. Access to justice, being a component of justice is one of them. It encompasses speedy and expeditious trial. Otherwise, justice loses its true value and essence.

The future of tourism lies in those destinations that conserve a clean environment and reflect natural beauty as the majority of foreign tourists appreciate cleanliness and want full value for their money spent, with no compromise with their health while on tour.

India has surpassed France and the UK to become the fifth largest economy in the world with a nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) estimated to be around $ 3.12 trillion for FY22. For the fiscal year 2022-23, a healthy growth rate of approximately 7% is anticipated.

This study analyses the current contribution of the Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) in building a competent workforce for the nation while identifying the policy gaps that have led to disinvestment, privatisation, and closure of these PSEs.

Technological advancements in the field of Artificial intelligence (AI) are being adopted by society at large since it has the potential to change the way we transact.

This paper offers an integrated digital drone-based services solution for cities & towns, controlled through an integrated smart control room and/or where users may call in for support of required service, on a time-sharing basis; charged according to No of drones, payload, distances and time calculations.

The Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) have contributed significantly in the growth and development journey of India. Over the past few years, survival and viability of some of the PSUs have posed significant challenges before the Government.

The Ironman triathlon is considered one of the most demanding endurance races globally, encompassing long-distance swimming, cycling, and running.

With the emerging global crisis of climate change outbreak of COVID-19, it is imperative that how significant it is to maintain the balance between ecology, environment, and human life. 

Health and happiness are valuable assets of human life. Traditional Indian knowledge system particularly Yogic and Ayurvedic texts, elaborately describes ways and means to live disease-free, healthy, and happy life.

This paper covers the health benefits of cycling and how it has a positive impact on the environment. It examines the Dutch model of the development of cycling, how it may be adapted to Indian conditions, and help to overcome the barriers to cycling, in the Indian context.

This study starts with an Indian benchmark method of the Vedic era that was used to ensure equality and women's contribution to nation-building. Subsequently, the existing practices and policies have been reviewed for gaps. 

The transformation of the lives of rural women towards their betterment is a critical issue in the development process of countries around the world. Poverty, lack of financial awareness, minimal or no education, and women's disempowerment are reasons for the poor condition of rural women.

The concept of inclusion has transcended its status as a social construct and has drawn significant attention from organisational practitioners and scholars.

This paper delineates the significance of education for the growth and development of human being. Indeed, educational attainment is associated with many diverse social outcomes.

In this VUCA world, changes are taking place at a very high pace. Development of new technologies has created cut throat competition among organizations which require ever-evolving leaders to manage disruption efficiently. 

Education is the essential part of any development as it is a means of social improvement and material wellbeing, especially for the economically and socially backward people. 

The nation's attitude toward development and growth has altered as a result of policy pronouncements that are mixed with decision that are quite reformative. 

Governance in India has evolved significantly over the years. Here's a brief overview of governance in India, comparing the past and the present.

Digital Transformation and E-Government: Through the "Digital India" project, India has made tremendous progress in modernizing government services and information.

In India, the procedure of shifting the paradigm for good governance has been dynamic and continuing. A notion known as "good governance" includes a number of rules and procedures designed to guarantee the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of governmental institutions.

India undertook substantial reforms in a number of areas of its economy, society, and government after achieving independence from British domination in 1947.

Administration of independent India drewn many transformations to get away from British colonial administration that propagates the colonial need such as maintenance of law and order, collection of revenue, tactics to hold the administrative power in British civil servants. 

The twenty-first century should be an era of new forms of Governance different from what we have seen in the past. Due to widespread economic problems and fiscal constraints in the 1980's, governments around the world both rich and poor, concluded that government had become too big, too costly and ineffective. 

Good governance implies service to the people. Government’s task is to govern in a way that optimizes the development and welfare of its citizens. Measure of Good governance is how far the government is able to improve the quality of life of its people.

The concept of ‘governance’ is not new. It is as old as human civilization. It has over the years gained momentum and a wider meaning. Apart from being an instrument of public affairs management, or a gauge of political development, governance has become a useful mechanism to enhance the legitimacy of the public realm.

The family stands as the key social institution in the social structures. The planning echelon in both income and spending are defined only in its context. 

In India, the paradigm of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) is proving to be transformative as it attempts to balance the intricate relationships between sustainable resource utilisation, forest regeneration, and conservation. India, which has about 70 million hectares of forest cover, struggles to meet the socioeconomic demands of the people who depend on the forests while also protecting these ecosystems.

A long-term abutting weather situation that is particularly related to temperature and precipitation is called climatic change. Land-use changes, forest fires, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are all possible contributing factors to this Climate shift (Reddy, 2015).

The Yamuna is a tributary of the holy Ganges. The main stream of the Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier at Bandar Panch (38°59'N, 78°27'E) in the Mussoorie Ranges of the lower Himalayas, at an average altitude of about 6387 meters above sea level in the Uttarkashi district (Uttrakhand) increase.

When the nation moves towards higher standards of development there are several parameters that it needs to take care, not forgetting one of the crucial ones being the health of its citizens.

The paper identifies the STREET project as a sustainable model for enabling responsible tourism principles and practices with local self-governance as the implementation body.

The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments brought an overhaul in public administration by empowering rural and urban local governance. 

The study focused on assessing the two frameworks in context of Decentralisation of Health Services in Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan viz. perceptions of service users and, service providers.

Governance is an age-old concept and it is all about making decisions and getting things done (UCLG, 2021). It happens at every level like countries, businesses, and even in smaller communities. 

India's healthcare system has long been a subject of concern due to its inadequate infrastructure, limited access to quality healthcare, and stark disparities in health outcomes. 

Right to health is primarily not just a call for consigning legal status of a human aspiration. It has much more to do with the civilisational preference of a nation state.

Gram Sabha represents the fundamental unit of local governance. It acts as the integral component of the Panchayati Raj system, embodying the essence of participatory governance.

The Aspirational District Programme (ADP), launched by Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi in January 2018, represents a significant policy initiative aimed at transforming governance in the country's most underdeveloped districts.

The concept of governance is not new. It is as old as human civilisation. Civilisation is the characteristic of the people. It is one of the things that set human beings apart from the other species

With his utopian yearning for a paganised unified globe devoid of all the limitations and boundaries that afflict our unreal world, Lennon scarcely considered the "Internet.

Corruption is a complex socio-economic problem which universally affects all societies. The government being a large-scale organisation is also not immune to it. 

The issue of governance has received serious attention of researchers, policy makers, administrators and the national as well as international community. The New Public Management (NPM) concept is focused on service, quality, performance management and risk management of governance processes. 

The government provides services including healthcare, education, social support, and financial inclusion to the public. However, villagers and citizens in remote areas often struggle to access these services due to several constraints including inadequate infrastructure and inaccessibility. 

Digital governance, in the context of the digital era, involves the use of information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance and transform the delivery of public services, improve government efficiency, and engage citizens in decision-making processes. 

Since the majority of India's population relies on agriculture for their living, the sector dominates the country's economy.  Agriculture only makes up less than 20 per cent of the nation's GDP (Ministry of Finance, 2018), emphasizing the sector's low-income production.

The 21st century has ushered in an era of rapid technological advancement, fundamentally altering how governments interact with their citizens.

Healthcare is an essential aspect of any society, and in India, it holds a unique place due to its immense population and diverse healthcare needs.

E-commerce and digital technology have transformed the way people spend and save. There is an evident technological growth in the world of finance which is referred to as financial technology or fintech. Financial technology (Fintech) refers to the technological innovations that assist in enabling or improving the access to financial services digitally through the internet, smartphones or computers. 

The origin of ‘Social Equity’ in Public Administration can be legitimately traced to 1968 Minnowbrook Conference that brought together young minds in public administration.

Resumption of hostilities meant “hell on Earth has returned to Gaza. The resumption of hostilities is catastrophic.”

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), as India's central bank and regulatory authority, plays a pivotal role in shaping public administration and governance in the country. 

Today we are living in an era of the ‘regulatory state’.  The expressions ‘regulation’, ‘regulatory governance’ and ‘regulatory institutions’ have become the buzzwords of governance and are  spread across social systems as well as state organisations and government strategies. 

Governance is defined as structures and processes of decision-making through which performance and accountability is ensured in the organisations.

Participatory planning involves the intensive participation of local communities in analysing their current situation, envisioning a long-term collective future and attempting to attain this vision through collective planning of development interventions that would be implemented by different state agencies area.

Since centuries backward class women were politically, economically, socially and educationally oppressed. They were deprived of their basic rights and needs.

Local governance is the cornerstone of democracy, where communities come together to make decisions that directly affect their daily lives.

Intrinsically, India is a republican country that is organised as a federation with a parliamentary democracy. Similar to the United Kingdom, the President serves as the head of state in name only; in contrast, the Prime Minister is the de facto executive, or real head of the government.

India is rapidly integrating technology in both governance and in delivering goods and services. All this requires a worker (civil servant) who is not just committed but also has the competence to deliver on this evolving mandate. 

The civic engagement is an important hall mark of democracy. Ours has been one of the oldest and richest democratic traditions that have involved people in matters of public policy.

With over eight thousand years of experience and intellectual growth (Cameron (1968), Edwards (Gadd, 1971), Hammond (1971), Eisenstadt (1963, 1993), Olmstead ( 1948), etc.), public administration has undergone numerous changes and transformations over its long history, but it has never been so challenged as in the last thirty years.

Good Governance is the key to a Nation’s progress and an important step towards it is the simplification of procedures and processes in the Government so as to make the entire system transparent and faster. 

The theory of separation of powers constitutes a key tenet of democratic governance.

In recent years, the widespread practice of offering freebies, ranging from subsidised goods and services to outright giveaways, has become a prominent feature in economic policies worldwide.

From the study of the principles of origin of the state, it is concluded that the state has originated to make human life easier and this function of the state has been there every time.

India, is the world's largest democracy, with a population of 1.48 billion people. Its vast population and the ethnic diversity of its people, languages and cultural traditions make its federal structure necessary for nation.

A paradigm represents a framework, viewpoint, or collection of concepts that serves as a lens for understanding various subjects. In disciplines like science and philosophy, paradigms encompass specific theories, methodologies, and principles defining valid contributions within a field. 

The field of public administration is experiencing a dramatic and rapid change. Locally and globally, some of the most significant trends that will have the role and function of public administrators is rapidly evolving as the needs and demands of citizens, governments and organisations influence their ability to create and implement policies.

“Today, I would like to make a request to the bureaucracy of India, to every government employee, be it in the State Government or the Central Government.

Public administration in the 21st century is undergoing significant transformation, not just in advanced countries but also in various regions of the developing world, as the calls for transformative change grow louder. These changes are propelled by globalisation, liberalisation and the diversification of service provision.

Technology has immense potential to bring government and citizens closer. Today technology has become a powerful tool to empower citizens as well as a medium to optimize transparency and accountability in day-to-day functioning. 

I am extremely honoured for having given this opportunity to present the initiatives taken by Uttar Pradesh, to achieve the vision of Good Governance.

In a nation as diverse and vibrant as India, the potential for sports to transform lives is immense. Sports are not merely a form of entertainment; they are a powerful catalyst for personal growth, community cohesion, and national pride.

This paper examines changes in the existing model of training civil servants in the context of the personnel policy pursued in the Kyrgyz Republic since 2021.

The region of Jammu and Kashmir has long been characterized by a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, socio-economic challenges, and cultural diversity. 

This paper examines the philosophical foundations and practical applications of Antyodaya and Sarvodaya in Indian socio-political thought.

The text outlines the reasons and consequences of constitutional reforms in the organization of state power in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2021.

“The image of a country is not just about economic and military strength. The soft face of a country also makes a difference. 

This paper investigates the profound transformation of the Yamuna River in India, tracing its evolution from a physical resource to "Yamuna Maiya," a revered maternal deity.

Since 1945, Korea has been regarded as a representative developmental state that achieved rapid economic growth. However, democratisation in 1987 and IMF crisis in 1997 revealed the limitations of the traditional developmental state model.

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed the landscape of public administration, giving rise to e-governance as a pivotal approach for enhancing government-citizen interactions.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant transformation in India's education system, replacing the NPE 1986 with a more inclusive, holistic, and multidisciplinary approach. 

As an initial output of the joint research between the Korean Institute of Public Administration (KIPA) and the National Academy of Governance (NAOG), this article provides overviews of the Korean and Mongolian legislative environment, governance and characteristics of the anti-corruption policies.

Street vendors are an integral part of the urban informal economy in India, providing essential goods and service that cater to the diverse needs of city residents. They operate in various capacities, from food vendors to artisans, and play a crucial role in enhancing the vibrancy and accessibility of urban life.

This paper examines the critical role of communication in driving India's economic growth within the context of its diverse societal structure and the rapidly evolving information age. It argues that effective communication is not merely a tool for disseminating information but a fundamental force shaping development trajectories.

This article outlines the stages of civil service reform in Mongolia and evaluates the specific activities implemented during each stage, along with their characteristics and outcomes.

Millets, often referred to as "smart grains," have been integral to traditional diets in India for centuries. Among these, Ragi (finger millet) stands out due to its exceptional nutritional profile and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions.

Amidst escalating climate crises, technological upheavals, and growing socioeconomic disparities, this paper delves into the timeless relevance of Gandhian Sarvodaya ("universal welfare") as a guiding framework for tackling 21st-century issues.

This paper aims to present insights, results, and stages of administrative reform in Mongolia over the past 30 years.

Access to safe drinking water is not merely a fundamental human right; it is a cornerstone of public health, economic development, and social equity. In rural India, where water scarcity and inadequate infrastructure pose significant challenges, the quest for reliable water supply becomes even more critical.

This paper explores the growing inclusiveness of India's banking sector, tracing its transition from a primarily government-controlled model to a more open and technologically advanced system.

This paper outlines the century-long history of Mongolia’s civil service training institution, the National Academy of Governance (NAOG), which plays a crucial role in meeting the contemporary needs of training and developing human resources within the civil service sector.

The "One Nation One Ration Card" (ONORC) scheme, launched in 2020 under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), represents a transformative shift in India's public distribution system (PDS). 

India has committed to achieving developed nation status by the centenary of its independence, leveraging cutting-edge technologies including AI tapping into its vast human capital, and implementing policies that foster high growth while addressing enduring social and economic inequalities.

This article explores the value and statehood of Mongolia by utilising Woodrow Wilson’s categorisation of “Judging by the constitutional histories of the chief nations of the modern world, there may be three periods of growth through which government has passed in all the most highly developed of existing systems, and through which it promises to pass in all the rest. 

Education stands as the bedrock of human development, a force capable of unlocking individual potential and driving societal transformation.

This paper examines India's economic trajectory through the lens of its demographic dividend a substantial youth population exceeding 50% under age 25 within its 1.4 billion citizens. While this demographic advantage offers unprecedented economic potential, its promise is threatened by systemic challenges including inadequate education access, limited skill development, and employment scarcity, particularly in rural areas.

Over the last decades, Better Regulation has become a major reform topic at the federal and-in some cases-also at the Länder level.

Education has long been recognized as a cornerstone for societal transformation, serving as a powerful catalyst for economic growth, social cohesion, and the reduction of inequalities.

This paper explores India's journey towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and health for all, focusing on the challenges and strategies for integrating marginalized groups into the healthcare system.

Since the reform and opening up, China’s leadership training has experienced three stages of development: the initial stage of leadership training and development in the early period of China’s reform and opening up to the world (1978-2002), the rapid growing stage of leadership training and development in the period of fast growing economy and society (2002- 2012) and the innovative…

Organ transplantation emerged as a critical intervention for patients suffering from end-stage organ failure, offering them a renewed chance at life. 

Healthcare in rural India presents unique challenges and opportunities. While global health metrics emphasize indicators like life expectancy, mortality rates, and healthcare infrastructure, they often fail to capture the socio-cultural nuances of rural communities

The “Internet plus” government service reform in China has progressed through three stages, namely one-stop service, one-window service, and companion service. This reform has become a significant example of reshaping the relationship between the local government and the public.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in late 2019, has profoundly impacted global health systems, economies, and societies. 

This paper explores the evolution of Indian welfare philosophy from Gandhi's nonviolent resistance to contemporary governance. It traces how the sacrifices of Indian revolutionaries fostered Sarvodaya and Antyodaya ideals, examining the philosophical underpinnings of these concepts in Advaita and dualistic traditions.

Like most other countries around the world, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh's education system has undergone a radical change from the beginning of March 2020 onwards. The study attempts to analyse teachers’, students’ and parents’ perceptions and experiences about the online education in the COVID-19 pandemic at the school level.

Health is a fundamental human right and a critical indicator of development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of ensuring health and well-being for all individuals. A key objective of this agenda is to guarantee favorable health outcomes, underscored by the endorsement of a new declaration during the Global Conference on Primary Health Care held in Astana,…

Despite its remarkable economic ascent, India's trajectory towards sustainable and inclusive prosperity is threatened by persistent economic inequalities, demographic pressures, governance constraints, and environmental degradation. 

In this article, published reports have been used for analysing state-wise status of SDGs achievements and their correlations with attainments in areas of poverty-reduction and other developmental indicators. Also, progress made by GPs on various metrics related to SDGs has been corroborated with other relevant metrics

Loss of governance reform efficacy is an identified entrenched institutional problem in systems. Reform, anywhere, is a sticky material because holders of powers and their cronies have rarely shown altruistic intentions of relaxing their profiteering grips over resources.

National Commission for Women (NCW) has entrusted the task to conduct a study on ‘Evaluation of the Impact of Mission Shakti in Women Empowerment in KBK Districts of Odisha’ to Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. 

"Democracy' and 'free and fair election' are inseparable. Elections are the centerpiece of democracy; it is difficult to visualize democracy without elections. Ensuring free and fair elections is the first prerequisite for the success of democratic process.

The practice of bringing domain experts into the government is not new to India.

On September 1, 2023, a committee headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind explored the possibility of something called One Nation, One Election in India and ever since this thing has come out in public, political parties all across the country have been fuming with anger. 

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. 

This paper examines various initiatives taken by Government of India to promote collaborative governance in various sectors. With increasing needs and aspirations of the community for public services and the limited capacity of government to provide the same, the involvement of various stakeholders to deliver these services becomes important and necessity. 

In the vast and diverse landscape of India, regional disparities in development have long posed significant challenges to achieving equitable growth and social justice. Recognizing the urgent need to address these disparities, the Government of India launched the Aspirational Districts Programme in January 2018. 

A dynamic interaction between the recognition of human complexity in organizations and the pursuit of structural efficiency has shaped the evolution of administrative philosophy. The foundational works of Frederick W. Taylor, Max Weber, Mary Parker Follett, Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, Rensis Likert, Chris Argyris, and Douglas McGregor are critically examined in this essay, which charts the shift from traditional administrative…

In India, National Training Policy was formed in 2012, replacing the old policy of 1996. This was needed two reasons, new areas of administration given in the reports of second administrative reforms commission setup in 2005 and changing environment in different spheres of governance and new challenges of administration being faced by the civil servants.

India's emergence as a global services powerhouse in the 21st century marks a profound and transformative shift. This evolution, far from a mere economic change, is a strategic leap driven by its demographic dividend, technological advancements, and the burgeoning global demand for specialized services.

Public administration, as the executive arm of the state, has tremendous responsibilities to match the needs and aspirations of the citizens of the state. The systems have evolved over the years in almost every country as the politico and socio-economic environment of the respective country have changed. 

Public administration is the cornerstone of modern governance. It refers to the organization, management, and implementation of government policies and programs, carried out by public officials and institutions. As a vital mechanism of the state, public administration not only ensures the effective delivery of services to citizens but also upholds the principles of accountability, transparency, and rule of law.

Tribal Sustainable Development through Evidence-based Policy and Planning: A major issue in post-Independence India has been a misreading of demands of tribal communities. What they have been demanding pertains to choice upholding their traditions and customs and having ownership over natural resources