Abstract

India’s pursuit of self-reliance in defence manufacturing has led to the emergence of a dynamic defence start-up ecosystem, bolstered by government initiatives like Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX). This study examines the effectiveness of India’s defence start-ups in reducing import dependency and fostering indigenous innovation. It investigates the challenges faced by start-ups in scaling technologies, securing procurement contracts and navigating regulatory frameworks. The research further evaluates the role of government policies, funding mechanisms and R&D investments in strengthening India’s defence innovation landscape. Special attention is given to collaborative initiatives like INDUS-X and iDEX Prime, assessing their potential in fostering international partnerships. Additionally, the study identifies barriers to commercialisation and the integration of MSMEs and start-ups into India’s broader defence production ecosystem. By analysing current trends and policy interventions, this research aims to provide actionable recommendations for strengthening India’s defence innovation ecosystem, ensuring long-term competitiveness and advancing the country’s strategic autonomy in military technology. more...